Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Pada Sofware G-Suite For Education Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VIII

The low ability of students in problem solving and teaching materials that are still lacking for students to be able to make learning resources, especially learning from home. In general, this study aims to describe the feasibility of digital teaching materials on sound wave materials developed to practice ; problem solving skills. In particular, this study aims to describe; (1) The validity of digital teaching materials, (2) The practicality of digital teaching materials, and (3) The effectiveness of digital teaching materials. By developing digital teaching materials in the form of teaching materials, lesson plans, student worksheet, and study result test. The research was developed using the ADDIE model. The test subjects were 14 students of class XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 10 Banjarmasin. The sampling technique was carried out based on consistency in the pre-test, post-test, and attendance. The research data were obtained from validation test sheets, learning outcomes tests, and student response questionnaires. The data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively, the average, and the minimum completeness criteria. The results showed that; (1) The validity of teaching materials with an average score of 3.63 is in the very good category, (2) the practicality of teaching materials with an average of 3.24 gets a good category, and (3) the effectiveness of teaching materials using the Minimum Completeness Criteria declared effective with 86% of students having a minimum completeness criteria score and an N-gain of 0.71 so that digital teaching materials can be said to be good. The conclusions of the research obtained are the development of digital teaching materials on Sound Wave material to practice problem solving skills which are declared suitable for use in learning activities. With the existence of digital teaching materials, sound waves can be a decent source of learning for students and practice problem solving skills

The learning process motivates the development of scientific literacy-based teaching materials on the material of soil formation processes and soil constituent components. So far, it has only used teaching materials in school textbooks. The purpose of the researchers in carrying out this development was to find out 1) the validity of scientific literacy-based teaching materials on the process of soil formation and soil constituents, (2) the practicality of teaching materials, and (3) the effectiveness of teaching materials. Development of teaching materials using the 4D model (define, design, develop and disseminate). The instruments implemented in the research include learning achievement tests, student response questionnaires, and teaching material validation sheets. The research validated scientific literacy-based teaching materials, showing very valid criteria by obtaining a score of 3.70. The learning outcomes test on this teaching material was also very valid, with a value of 3.51. The results of the practicality of teaching materials obtained a value of 70.85% which was indicated by practical criteria. Teaching materials based on scientific literacy were also declared effective by obtaining an n-gain of 0.91 with high criteria. From these results, the advanced scientific literacy-based teaching materials can be implemented as teaching materials because the test results are declared feasible and valid.

Several STEM-oriented project and mini research teaching materials created by undergraduate students were utilized in schools as a contribution of the campus to the school. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM-oriented projects and mini-research teaching materials in improving the learning outcomes of science students at SMP Negeri 37 Medan. The research approach used in this study is a development research model which refers to Thiagarajan, the 4D model. The validation of the teaching materials was carried out by content-related experts, education experts and the science teacher. The effectiveness of the teaching materials was then explored in Grade 7 students of SMP Negeri 37 Medan bydistributing pre-test and post-test as data for the analysis of N-gain calculations. The results showed that the teaching materials were very feasible as accordance to the answer of the content expert; feasible as stated by the education expert; and very feasible as mentioned by the science teacher. Additionally, the students’ responses were very good and the N-gain test result was obtained at 0.5 which is categorized within the “medium” category at the distribution stage. This indicated that the implementation of STEM-oriented project and mini research teaching materials by undergraduate science students is effective in improving the learning outcomes of Grade 7 students in SMP Negeri 37 Medan in the academic year of2020/2021.

Student Worksheet are one of the teaching materials that are the teacher's choice. Student Worksheet can facilitate the delivery of messages from teachers to students, improve the ability to think, feel, pay attention, increase students' interest in learning, and the learning process run as expected. Based on the results of review at MA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo in learning activities the teaching materials used were printed teaching materials available in schools. Assignments given to students based on textbooks used during the learning process. Student Worksheet cannot be fully implemented, whereas if using Student Worksheet in learning activities, the Student Worksheet used is still in a simple form containing only questions that must be worked on by students. This study aims to: (1) Determine the feasibility of Student Worksheet based on Critical Thinking on Lust and Ghadlab materials. (2) Knowing students' responses to Critical Thinking-based Student Worksheet on Lust and Ghadlab materials. (3) Knowing the effectiveness of Student Worksheet based on Critical Thinking on Lust and Ghadlab materials.This type of research uses a development research methodology (Research and Development/ RND). With reference to the ADDIE research model, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects of data collection in this study were 3 validators and class X students of MA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo. The research instruments were validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and test. The results of the study show that: (1) LKPD based on Critical Thinking is declared valid after repair or revision. LKPD has met the criteria according to the Aiken's V test and obtained a validation coefficient of 1.00. So that LKPD based on Critical Thinking is suitable for use in learning. (2) LKPD based on Critical Thinking gets a good response from students with an average response value of 15% of students answering quite agree, 31% answering agree, and 60% answering strongly agree, then student responses to LKPD based on Critical Thinking categorized as good. (3) LKPD based on Critical Thinking is effectively used in learning. In the results of the Paired T Test the significance generated is 0.000 and the N Gain test results obtain an average value of 0.6107, the level of effectiveness of LKPD based on Critical Thinking is categorized as moderate.

The background of this research is that the teaching materials in Sijunjung 7 Public Middle School have not been able to make students become active and accustom students to independent learning in solving problems given by the teacher. This study aims to develop Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) in class VIII SMP Negeri 7 Sijunjung that are valid and practical. The development procedure used is the plomp development model which consists of 3 stages, namely preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. Teaching materials expected by students are teaching materials that make students active in the learning process and are able to guide students to learn independently. The instruments used are validity questionnaires and practicality questionnaires. Based on the data analysis it was concluded that the LKPD developed was in very valid criteria with an average of 85.7%. The results of the practicality questionnaire analysis based on small group evaluations of 6 students obtained an average of 87.79% with very practical criteria. The conclusion of this research is to produce worksheets based on Realistic Mathematics Education that are valid and practical on flat sided geometric material in class VIII SMP Negeri 7 Sijunjung.

Biology belongs to one field of natural science that provides a variety of learning experiences to understand the concept and process of science.One of the topics discussed in biology subjects in Class X of odd semester is microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi). Microorganism material (viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi) is difficult material because microorganisms are microscopic creatures that cannot be seen directly. Students usedstudent worksheets that have only one sheet containing one subtopic containing a list of questions that tend to be textual, but the student worksheets does not train students to find concepts independently and not train critical thinking. Therefore, new innovations are needed in the learning process. This study aims to produce student worksheets (LKPD) based on guided inquiry on the topic of microorganisms for senior high school students class X and to know about the criteria of validity. This type of research is Research and Development with the development model of Plomp which consists of three stages, namely the preliminary research phase, development phase, and assessment phase. The validity of student worksheets based on guided inquirywas obtained from the results of validation that used validation sheet by 3 experts. The results showed that the didactic aspect scored 96.29% have criteria is very valid, the construction aspect scored 97.83% have criteria is very valid, the technical aspect scored 96.00% havecriteria very valid, and the overall average of the three aspects scored 96.71% with a very valid category. Student worksheets (LKPD) based on guided inquiry have been developed that are expected to be innovative and good quality materials to help improve student learning competencies.

<p class="ABS-C">Students’ reasoning ability in understanding the concepts in the Transformation Geometry course is still low. One of the causes is that there are no teaching materials, namely Student Worksheets that provide opportunities for students to be actively involved in creative learning processes; as a result, their reasoning skills are not well crafted. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Student Worksheet that can strengthen students’ creative techniques and reasoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of Student Worksheet products in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This research is an ADDIE development research whose stages comprise analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The instruments used in this study were validation sheets, student response questionnaires, learning outcomes, and learning implementation observation sheets. The results of this study were Creative Problem Solving (CPS) based Student Worksheet products in Geometry Transformation courses, and Student Worksheet eligibility, declared feasible in terms of (a) Validity; the worksheet validation results were in the <em>very good</em> category (4.36) (b) Practicality; the results of student response questionnaires to Student Worksheets were in a <em>good</em> category (31.16), and (c) effectiveness; the results of the test of student learning outcomes were in a <em>good</em> category (72%).</p>

The purpose of this study was to produce teaching materials using a Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model on valid quadrilateral material. These teaching materials are in the form of Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) and Student Worksheets (LKPD). This study uses the Research and Development (R & D) method with modified steps as follows: (1) Potential and Problems; (2) Data Collection; (3) Product Design; (4) Design Validity; (5) Design Revision and (6) Final Product. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The data collection instrument uses a validation sheet that has been filled out by four validators, namely two Mathematics Education Lecturers, FKIP Islamic University Riau and two Mathematics Teachers at SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. The validation sheet used is the RPP validation sheet and the LKPD validation sheet. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the average percentage of the validity of the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) was 87.3% and the average result of the validity of the Student Worksheet (LKPD) was 83.2%, both of which were categorized as very valid. Then the average percentage of the results of the validation of the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) and Student Worksheet (LKPD) in each aspect of the assessment obtained a value of 84.69% and 84.66% with very valid criteria. The conclusion is that teaching materials have been produced using the Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning model on quadrilateral material in class VII SMP which has been tested for validity.

This study aims to produce Handout teaching materials with ethnomathematical nuances through the traditional game of Dam-daman in understanding line and angle material viewed from the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This study uses the Plomp development model which is modified into 4 stages including preliminary investigation, design, realization/construction, and tests, evaluation and revision (test, evaluation and revision). The instruments used include (1) validation sheets, (2) handout implementation observation sheets, (3) student response questionnaires, and (4) test questions. The subjects of this study were 16 students of class VII-E at SMP Negeri 1 Puger. The quality of the development handout teaching materials seen from the aspect of validity is included in the very valid category with an average score of 4.5 from media experts and an average score of 4.7 from material experts categorized as very valid. RPP validation assessment obtained a score of 4.8 categorized as very valid. Other instruments that were validated were the handout implementation observation sheet with a score of 4.8 in the very valid category, the student response questionnaire with an average score of 4.8 in the very valid category, and the test sheet with a score of 4.7 in the very valid category. The practical aspect of the Handout was obtained from the results of the observation of the implementation of the Handout with a score of 4.5 in the very practical category and the results of the student response questionnaire with a score of 4.4 in the very practical category. From the aspect of the effectiveness of the teaching materials, the Handout is declared effective from the results of the student test analysis, namely the increase in the value of the pre-test to the post-test using an average N-Gain obtained of 0.78 so that it has a high level of effectiveness. Thus, the ethnomathematical nuances of the Handout teaching materials that were developed were declared to meet the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.

Science teachers in developing learning models not only aim to improve cognitive, affective and psychomotorik aspects, but also aspects of studenst critical thinking skills. Low learning outcomes and lack of interest in learning are the result of a lack of critical thinking skills. Teaching materials used by school are not oriented towards critical thinking activities so students are not trained in critical thinking. One solution to these problems is that in learning the teacher must use the right learning model and the right teaching material. The study aims to develop student work sheets guided inquiry model which is oriented towards critical thinking activities for grade VIII SMP/MTs and reveal the level of validity from the veloped Student work sheets. The type of research used is Research and Development model (R&D) using the Plomp development model. The Plomp development model consisting of three stages, they are preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment stage. In this study only research the prototyping phase with expert riview. The research instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of a validity sheet validated by four validators. Based on the results of the study found a validation value of 90% with a very valid category.

This study aims to develop learning tools using discovery learning models assisted by the 3D Cabri application to improve students' mathematical communication ability. This research is a development research using the 4-D Thiagarajan model which consists of 4 stages, namely define, design, develop and dissemination. The research subjects were students of SMP Negeri 5 Aceh Tengah class IX. The research instruments used were the lesson plan validation sheet, the student worksheet validation sheet, and mathematical communication ability test validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires and student response questionnaires. Data analysis techniques are validity analysis, practicality analysis and effectiveness analysis. Based on the test results, the average assessment of the three aspects of the lesson plan is 4.01 with valid criteria. The average assessment of the three aspects of the student worksheet is 4.05 with valid criteria. The average score on the three aspects of the mathematical communication test is 3.65 with valid criteria. The practicality analysis uses a teacher response questionnaire with an average practicality score of 85% and is included in the very practical category. Based on the results of the students’ response questionnaire data analysis, it was concluded that students had a positive response, namely 92.12% of the components and learning activities so that they showed effective results. The data on the effectiveness of learning outcomes were obtained from the pre-test and post-test scores of students' cognitive in learning using n-gain and the average value of the results of increasing mathematical communication ability was 0.70 which stated that mathematical communication ability increased in the medium category. The validation and testing of learning tools show that the learning tools meet the criteria for the learning tools developed, referring to being valid, practical, and effective.

This study aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of Educational Statistics teaching materials based 5E Learning Cycle. This research used Research and Development model. The average validation results from evaluation & curriculum experts and material experts are 3.64 and 3.69 (very valid). This means that the teaching material is said to be feasible. Practicality is obtained from the student's response to teaching material of 93.68% (very positive) and observations of implementation of teaching materials with an average of 1.73 (implemented entirely). Thus the teaching materials are said to be very practical. Furthermore, effectiveness of teaching materials was measured by using paired samples test. The results showed that there were significant differences in learning outcomes between before and after using the Education Statistics teaching materials that had been developed. In other words, the average student learning outcomes after using Educational Statistics teaching materials based Learning Cycle 5E have increased.

The research aims to analyze the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of question prompt scaffolding-based E-LKPD products in improving students' critical thinking skills in science learning. The research method was research and development with the Plomp development model, which has three stages: preliminary research, prototype stage, and assessment phase. The research subjects were 23 class VII students of SMPN 12 Jember. The data analysis technique used qualitative data and quantitative data. The research instruments were validation sheets, learning implementation sheets, student response questionnaires, and pretest and posttest questions. The results of the E-LKPD validation score based on the question prompt scaffolding obtained 79.13% with valid criteria. The practicality of the E-LKPD based on question prompt scaffolding obtained a score of 88.05% with very practical criteria. The effectiveness of the question prompt scaffolding-based E-LKPD obtained an N-gain score of 0.66 with moderate criteria, while student response questionnaire scores obtained an average of 83.33% with good criteria. The results showed that the question prompt scaffolding-based E-LKPD was valid, practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in science learning.

The change in curriculum to a Merdeka Curriculum causes changes in the learning system in Indonesia because this requires teachers and students to be more innovative and creative. To balance this requires teaching materials that can meet these needs, especially renewable energy materials; this material is new, so there are still few teaching materials available. The available renewable energy teaching materials are not carried out in practicum, so teachers still use references to the previous curriculum teaching materials, which are no longer significant. This type of research is educational development research or Educational Design Research (EDR). The stages of development research consist of 3 main stages: preliminary research, prototyping stage, and assessment phase. The development model used in this research is the Plomp development model developed by Tjreed Plomp. The research instruments used were interview sheets and questionnaires in the form of validity sheets which were analyzed with Aiken's V scale and practicality sheets. The validity test results were obtained by Aiken's V scale of 0.93 with high validity, which means that the developed teaching materials are valid. The practicality test results for the small group were 89% with very high practicality. Based on the teacher response questionnaire with very high practicality and obtained 93% based on the student response questionnaire with very high practicality, the teaching materials developed are practical. Based on the study's results, the teaching materials of the Independent Curriculum on renewable energy Phase E are valid and practical.

At Nusa Tenggara Timur Provincial Sports Gifted High School in Kupang show that there are still many students who are not enthusiastic about learning mathematics in class. On every occasion, learning mathematics should start with the identification of problems that are appropriate to the situation (contextual problems). With the application of contextual problems, using real examples related to everyday life will bring students to conditions that can make students actively involved in learning. This research aims to produce contextual teaching materials on statistics material with a sports context for students at Sports Gifted Schools, as well as describe the impact on student learning outcomes from the results of developing these teaching materials. The development model that will be used to develop learning tools in this research is the ADDIE model. Data collection uses validation sheets, student response questionnaires to teaching materials, and student learning outcomes tests. Based on the results of the research, teaching materials in the form of statistical material modules measuring data concentration using the context of middle-distance running sports were declared valid and suitable for use, with the assessment results from material expert validators being 76% valid and the assessment results from media expert validators being 88% very valid. The teaching materials also received a good response from students, with the results of the student questionnaire responding to the teaching materials at the small group trial stage getting a percentage of 91% and at the large group trial stage getting a percentage of 95%. The teaching materials developed also have a positive impact on student learning outcomes. This can be seen from the results of students' learning tests after using these teaching materials, where the overall average score of students is 78.1, and the percentage of completeness obtained is 70%. Apart from that, it can also be seen that in the learning process, the students are actively discussing.