Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Mukositis oral merupakan efek samping radiasi kanker kepala leher yang paling sering, khususnya pada dosis radiasi lebih dari 30 Gray (Gy). Patofisiologi mukositis oral terkait radiasi dapat disebabkan oleh inflamasi dan reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang dihasilkan oleh radiasi pengion. Zink merupakan kofaktor dari sintesis, DNA, protein, polimerasi RNA, dan transkriptase terbalik sehingga memiliki kemampuan penyembuhan luka sekaligus meningkatkan pertumbuhan sel dan sistem imunitas tubuh. Objektif: Mengetahui efek pemberian suplementasi zink terhadap mukositis oral terkait radiasi pasien kanker kepala dan leher Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan dengan advanced searching pada Pubmed, Embase, dan Cochrane dengan kriteria eligibilitas yang ditentukan oleh penulis. Hasil: Terdapat 2 artikel yang relevan dengan pertanyaan klinis dan kriteria eligibilitas yang sudah ditetapkan, terdiri dari 1 Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) dan 1 Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis (SR/MA). Penelitian RCT menyimpulkan suplementasi zink dapat bermanfaat dalam menangani mukositis oral dan penelitian SR/MA menyimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat manfaat suplementasi zink terhadap mukositis oral pasien kanker kepala leher yang menjalani kemoradiasi. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan tinjauan kritis yang telah dilakukan dalam studi RCT dan SR/MA, suplementasi zink tidak mempengaruhi mukositis oral terkait radiasi kanker kepala dan leher. Kata kunci: suplementasi zink, mukositis oral, orofaringeal mukositis, kanker kepala leher, radiasi, radioterapi Abstract Background: Oral mucositis is the most frequent radiation side effect of head and neck cancer, particularly at radiation doses greater than 30 Gy. The pathophysiology of radiation-related oral mucositis can be caused by inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ionizing radiation. Zinc is a cofactor of synthesis, DNA, protein, RNA polymerization, and reverse transcriptase so that it has the ability to heal wounds while increasing cell growth and the body's immune system. Objective: To determine the effect of zinc supplementation on radiation-related oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: Literature search was conducted by advanced searching on Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane with eligibility criteria determined by the author. Results: There were 2 articles relevant to the clinical question and eligibility criteria that had been set, consisting of 1 Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) and 1 Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis (SR/MA). The RCT study concluded that zinc supplementation could be beneficial in managing oral mucositis and the SR/MA study concluded that there was no benefit of zinc supplementation on oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation. Conclusion: Based on a critical review of RCT and SR/MA studies, zinc supplementation does not affect head and neck cancer radiation-related oral mucositis. Keywords: zinc supplementation, oral mucositis, oropharyngeal mucositis, head and neck cancer, radiation, radiotherapy

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