Pengaruh Sumber Karbon dan Kondisi Inkubasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Kultur In Vitro Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)

Abstract

<p>Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian<br />medicinal plant which is categorized as endangered<br />plant and included in Appendix I based on CITES. The in<br />vitro conservation techniques have been studied. However,<br />the storage period was very short (4 months) when plant<br />growth retardant and media dilution were applied. Beside<br />that, the residual effect of growth retardant was strong<br />enough so that it needed more than 4 months for recovery.<br />Thus, the use of certain carbon source may prolong the<br />preservation period with shorter time for recovery. The<br />objective of the study was to know the effects of carbon<br />sources (sucrose and mannitol) and culture conditions (culture<br />room and growth chamber) to the growth of pruatjan<br />cultures. This application was hoped to prolong preservation<br />period of pruatjan longer than 4 months and to cut the<br />recovery period after presservation. The study was conducted<br />at Tissue Culture Laboratory in Indonesian Center for<br />Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research<br />and Development from August 2006 to July 2007. The<br />activities included propagation of in vitro shoot grown in<br />vitro as explants source, preservation of in vitro shoots of<br />pruatjan, and regeneration of the cultures after preservation.<br />The experiment was designed as factorial in Randomized<br />Completely Block Design with 6 replications. The DKW basal<br />media containing 1 ppm BA, 0.2 ppm thidiazuron, and 100<br />ppm arginine were supplemented with mannitol or sucrose<br />at the level of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%. The observed variables were<br />total number of leaves, number of shoot, and number of wilt<br />leaves. The result revealed that pruatjan cultures could be<br />stored longer than 4 months. Generally, the effect of<br />mannitol or sucrose was more dominant than that of cultures<br />condition. The mannitol (1-5%) strongly inhibited the<br />growth of pruatjan cultures so that only a few cultures<br />survived at 7 months preservation period and needed about<br />1 month for recovery. On the contrary, the effect of sucrose<br />(at the same level) was better than mannitol. The 2.5%<br />sucrose optimally inhibited pruatjan cultures. At that condition,<br />the cultures could be stored for 10 months without<br />morphological changes so that they could recover spontaneously.</p>