Abstract
Limonoid has been isolated from orange seeds of Citrus microcarpa Bunge using extraction and partitioning methods. It is a yellowish-white crystal with a melting point of 276-277 oC. Based on the phytochemical analysis and FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and compared with the literature, the compound is limonin which is a triterpenoid. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and evaluate antioxidant activity of the limonin. The antioxidant activity by DPPH obtained IC50 value of limonin was 199.18 ppm. Whereas, the test antioxidant activity by FRAP method using a comparative solution of ascorbic acid showed that there was an increasingly blue color change, which meant that antioxidant activity was stronger with activity value of 11.88 mgAAE /g sample.
Highlights
Limonoid has been isolated from orange seeds of Citrus microcarpa Bunge using extraction
It is a yellowishwhite crystal with a melting point of 276-277 oC. Based on the phytochemical analysis
the test antioxidant activity by FRAP method using a comparative solution of ascorbic acid showed that
Summary
Jeruk termasuk tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional seperti penurun panas, pereda nyeri saluran napas bagian atas, dan penyembuh radang mata [2]. Bui et al (2004) telah melakukan isolasi senyawa limonin dari Vietnamese Citrus nobilis [11]. Hasil penelitian Fajarwati (2014) diketahui bahwa daun jeruk nipis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dengan nilai konsentrasi penghambatan (IC50) 76,90 ppm [9]. Dkk (2013) melaporkan bahwa kulit buah jeruk sambal memiliki aktivitas antioksidan baik yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai konsntrasi efektif (EC50) untuk ekstrak metanol sebesar 94,01 μg/mL (antioksidan kategori kuat) [10]. Berdasarkan studi dan uji pendahuluan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti (bulan April-Juli 2018), diketahui bahwa biji jeruk sambal (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) mengandung senyawa golongan triterpenoid dan belum ditemukan laporan tentang struktur senyawa antioksidan golongan triterpenoid pada biji jeruk sambal Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui struktur kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan senyawa golongan triterpenoid pada ekstrak biji jeruk sambal. Biji jeruk sambal, metanol p.a, n-heksana p.a, kloroform p.a, etilasetat p.a, pereaksi uji fitokimia (asam sulfat, asam asetat), plat silika gel 60 F254, vitamin C murni, DPPH, dapar fosfat, oksalat, ferrisianida, FeCl3, dan TCA
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