Penanganan Kegemukan pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Menteng Jakarta Pusat melalui USAha Kesehatan Sekolah dan Penyertaan Peran Orangtua

Abstract

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is increasing in Indonesia. Effective public policy is needed to prevent this problem. The aims of the study are (1) to know about the prevalence of overweight and obesity among elementary school children in Menteng subdistrict area, Jakarta. Indonesia, hypercholesterolemia dan hypertension among the overweight and obesity and also frequency the vegetables and fruits taking daily (2) To make the model of management for control overweight and obesity by intervention study with diet and physical activity education through health school program and parents participation. The study had been done in Menteng subdistrict area, Jakarta Indonesia. By proportional stratified random sampling were found 11 Government and 7 non Government elementary schools consisted of 1387 children (717 boys and 670 girls), in third and fourth year, 8-11 years old. Anthropometry measurement (weight and height) were carried out for those children. Based on WHO NCHS (weight for height) classification were found overweight 143 children (10,3%) and obesity 37 children (2,7%). Study was continued by field trial. 146 children with overweight and obesity combined who had informed consent divided into two groups i.e. 84 as intervention and 62 as control group Each child was interviewed about dietary recall one day before intervention and physical activity, measured anthropometrics, physical examination, blood pressure and blood cholesterol. It was found that the children who had not taking vegetables 39% and fruit 44% hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) 14 children (9,8%) and hypertension (≥ 140/90) 3 children (2,1%). In intervention group the teachers from Health School Program delivered promotion about healthy diets, and increasing activities for decreasing the body weight every Monday. Physical education instructors lead running exercise twice in a week for 50 minutes beside basket ball that already given in school curricula 1 x/week. The interventions had been done for 3 months. The parents of children in intervention and control group were given lea/lets about how to make healthy life style in children in order to prevent obesity. The results showed increasing of BMI in intervention group 0,17 ± 1,07 kg/m 2 and 0,52 ± 0,71 in control group, with t test p = 0,027 (<0,05). From intervention group who had hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) from 11 children (7,7%) decreased to 4 children(2,8%) and in control from 3(2,1%) to 1(0,7%) children. Two from intervention group who had hypertension decreased to normal range and one in control group. The children who had not eaten any vegetables in intervention group decreased from 39,3% to 26,2% and in control from 38,7% to 30,7% and not taking fruits in intervention decreased from 42,9% to 33,3% and in control group from 45,2% to 38,7%. The conclusion that model of management obesity through leaflets, exercise and healthy diets education, could decrease BMI in intervention more than control group. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and not eat vegetables and fruits decrease for two groups. These results proved the model that healthy diets education and exercise is effective for prevention and management of the childhood obesity through Health School Program and parents participation. Key words: obesity, overweight, health school program