Abstract

Abstrak Sampai saat ini tuberkulosis (Tb paru) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Upaya-upaya dalam mengeliminasi kasus Tb paru di Indonesia masih mengalami banyak kendala. Faktor lingkungan dan perilaku sangat mempengaruhi tingginya prevalensi Tb paru. Dari 33 propinsi di Indonesia, prevalensi Tb paru tertinggi berasal 3 propinsi, yaitu DKI Jakarta, Banten dan Sulawesi Utara. Analisis bivariat menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2010, bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara lingkungan (kondisi fisik) rumah dan perilaku dengan prevalensi Tb paru di ketiga propinsi tersebut. Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa prevalensi Tb paru lebih banyak diderita oleh kaum pria sebanyak 52,0%-63,1%. DKI Jakarta dan Banten memiliki jumlah penderita terbanyak berusia 25-34 tahun (29,0% dan 23,5%), sedangkan di Sulawesi Utara penderita Tb paru didominasi usia 55 tahun ke atas (29,2%). Sosial ekonomi tidak mempengaruhi tingginya prevalensi Tb paru di ketiga propinsi. Perilaku yang mempermudah terjadinya penularan Tb paru, seperti tidak membuka kamar tidur setiap hari berisiko terinfeksi sebesar 1,36 kali, sedangkan perilaku tidak menjemur kasur berisiko terinfeksi sebesar 1,423 kali. Kondisi fisik rumah yang berpengaruh adalah lantai rumah berupa semen plesteran rusak/papan/tanah yaitu berisiko 1,731 kali lebih besar dibanding rumah berlantai keramik, marmer atau ubin. Diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut untuk melihat faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi tingginya prevalensi Tb paru di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Tb Paru, Perilaku, Lingkungan, Kondisi Fisik Rumah Abstract Tuberculosis (pulmonary Tb) is still a health problem around the world, inclunding in Indonesia until now. Efforts to eliminate cases of pulmonary Tb in Indonesia still have many obstacles. Environment and behavioral factors influence stature of Tb prevalence. From 33 Indonesian provinces three of them have the highest prevalence of Tb ie. DKI Jakarta, Banten and North Sulawesi. Bivariate analysis with crossectional design had been used for Riskesdas 2010 data, which had purposed to show the relations between housing environment and behavior toward of prevalence of Tb in three provinces. Analysis result represented many patients of pulmonary Tb prevalence were men 52,0% - 63,1%. Province of DKI Jakarta and Banten had the higher number of patients pulmonary Tb in age between 25-34 (29,0% and 23,5%), while in North Sulawesi most of patients were ≥ 55 years old (29,2%). Socioeconomic had no effect to the height prevalence of Tb in three provices. Behaviors were facilitate transmission of pulmonary Tb such as no open the bedroom’s window every day had risk 1,36 times, in the other hand, behavior no seasoning mattress had infections risk by 1,423 times. Housing physical conditions which affected the prevalence of Tb were floor with cement plastering damaged/board/ground 1,731 times greater risk than those with floor tile, marble or tile. Further analysis is needed to see the other factors that it can affect the high prevalence of Tb in Indonesia. Keywords: Pulmonary Tb, Behavior, Environment, Physical Housing Conditions

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