Abstract
With the integration of large-scale renewable energy and the implementation of demand response, the complexity and volatility of distribution network operations are increasing. This has led to the inconsistency between the actual net power consumption of power users and their optimal dispatching orders. As a result, the distribution networks cannot operate according to their optimization strategy. The study proposed a penalty electricity price mechanism and the optimal control method based on this electricity price mechanism for distribution networks. First, we established the structure of the distribution network optimal control system. Second, aiming at the actual net power consumption (including power generation and consumption) of power users tracking their dispatching orders, we established a penalty electricity price mechanism. Third, we designed an optimal control strategy and process of distribution networks based on the penalty electricity price. Finally, we verified the proposed method by taking the IEEE-33 node system as an example. The verification results showed that the penalty electricity price could effectively limit the net power consumption fluctuations of power users to achieve optimal control of distribution networks.
Highlights
We proposed a penalty electricity price mechanism calculated on the basis of the deviation between the actual net power consumption of each user and its optimal dispatching order
To limit each power user to its optimal dispatching order, when its net power consumption deviated from its optimal dispatching order, the power user would be penalized, and a penalty electricity price was applied to the deviations
When the actual net power consumption of the distribution network was consistent with the aggregate optimal dispatching order, the efficiency of the distribution network was at the highest level
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Dinh et al [23] developed a home energy management systems (HEMS) with renewable energy and energy storage to control and schedule every electrical device These studies achieved the direct load control and cost minimization for end users, they could not meet the optimal dispatching of the power grid. Zhang et al [32] proposed a novel real-time distributed market framework at the distribution grid level based on which each region maximized its individual social welfare These researches have shown that TOU and RTP can encourage customers’ participation in demand-side management (DSM) in response to dynamic electricity price and effectively reduced peak load, balanced supply and demand, and enhance the welfare of users and providers.
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