Pemodelan Sistem Karbonat di Laut Jawa

Abstract

<p class="Papertext"><strong>Modeling Carbonate System in the Java Sea</strong>. Besides the global fossil fuel burning activities, forest fires in Kalimantan could potentially increase atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, impacting air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> gas exchange in the Java Sea and changing the balance of the marine carbonate system. This study uses a marine carbonate model to examine the processes that control CO<sub>2</sub> flux in the Java Sea and their relationship to CO<sub>2</sub> increase in the atmosphere. OCMIP-2 (<em>Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Model Project, Phase-2</em>) is performed in this marine carbonate model coupled with the marine ecosystem model. The model results show that the quantity of carbon air flux differs during February and October 2000. More considerable flux is produced during February 2000, where the wind speeds are higher than in October 2000. However, the wind speeds have less impact when the CO<sub>2</sub> level in the atmosphere rises significantly. Due to the influence of a relatively high surface temperature in the tropical Java sea, the Java Sea functions as a carbon source to the atmosphere in general. In this case, the role of the <em>solubility pump</em> is more significant than that of biological processes in carbon absorption. Moreover, increased CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere could alter the partial pressure equilibrium. In the case of 2002 forest fires (atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> = 460 ppm), the carbon source of the Java Sea was less than before forest fires and even became carbon sink when atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> rose to 1135.2 ppm based on the highest SSP scenario in 2100. This modeling also reveals marine acidification issues and could rapidly assess the future changes in marine ecosystems due to CO<sub>2</sub> levels rising in the atmosphere.</p>