Abstract
The Constitutional Court Decision Number 135 / PUU-XIII / 2015 stated that the requirement for "not being mentally / memory disturbed" to be registered as a voter in Law Number 8 of 2015 is unconstitutional. The decision opens a new perspective on the protection of suffrage for persons with mental disabilities, and acknowledges that mental / memory impairment conditions are not the same between one person and another. The decision is in accordance with the development of thoughts on the legal capacity of persons with disabilities using a continuum approach, which recognizing that everyone is a legal subject, but practically it is necessary to look at the person's ability to exercise their rights, especially in decision making. The Constitutional Court decision has been applied in various regulations related to elections, which cannot be separated from the efforts of disabled people organizations to implement it. However, the changes are still at the administrative level, have not resulted in a change in perspective on the recognition of the legal capacity of persons with mental disabilities. In practice, there are still cases of persons with mental disabilities who were not registered as voters so that they are forced to be unable to exercise their voting rights. Based on this explanation, it is important to analyze how the legal capacity approach for persons with mental disabilities is used in the Constitutional Court decisions Number 135 / PUU-XIII / 2015, and how this approach should be applied to ensure the protection of the suffrage rights of persons with disabilities. This legal research was conducted using a qualitative approach, using primary sources of law in the form of statutory regulations and other forms of policy, as well as secondary sources of law in the form of literature and other valid and relevant information. This study presents a discussion of the suffrage rights of persons with mental disabilities using a continuum approach that has not been discussed in previous studies, so that it is expected to be able to sharpen the implementation.
Highlights
Nur Ramadhan 17 practice, there are still cases of persons with mental disabilities who were not registered as voters so that they are forced to be unable to exercise their voting rights
It is important to analyze how the legal capacity approach for persons with mental disabilities is used in the Constitutional Court decisions Number 135 / PUU-XIII / 2015, and how this approach should be applied to ensure the protection of the suffrage rights of persons with disabilities
This study presents a discussion of the suffrage rights of persons with mental disabilities using a continuum approach that has not been discussed in previous studies, so that it is expected to be able to sharpen the implementation
Summary
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 135/PUU-VIII/2015 (Putusan MK 135) membawa perspektif baru dalam pelindungan hak pilih penyandang disabilitas mental di Indonesia. Putusan MK 135 menjadi contoh peran aktif negara dalam menghilangkan hambatan bagi penyandang disabilitas mental untuk memiliki dan menggunakan hak pilihnya, terutama dalam aspek regulasi. Putusan MK 135 itu kemudian menjadi rujukan dalam pembentukan UU maupun Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) untuk menghilangkan syarat “tidak sedang terganggu jiwa/ ingatannya” dalam mendaftar Pemilih pada Pemilu/Pilkada. Hal itu terjadi karena penyandang disabilitas mental masih dianggap bukan subyek hukum sekaligus tidak mampu untuk mengambil keputusan secara mandiri, terutama dalam melaksanakan hak pilihnya. Praktik itu tidak selaras dengan pendekatan rangkaian proses yang sudah digunakan dalam Putusan MK 135, karena dalam praktik tersebut pendekatan yang dilakukan lebih tepat dikatakan sebagai pendekatan “All or Nothing”, yaitu menyeragamkan penyandang disabilitas sebagai pihak yang tidak memiliki hak, sehingga secara otomatis dianggap tidak dapat melaksanakan atau menggunakan haknya tersebut, termasuk hak pilih dalam Pemilu/Pilkada. Apabila mengambil contoh dari negara lain misalnya di Amerika Serikat, di setiap negara bagiannya memastikan setiap penduduk dengan disabilitas dapat mendaftarkan diri sebagai pemilih dalam Pemilu
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