Abstract
Artificial gauge fields open the possibility to realize quantum many-body systems with ultracold atoms, by engineering Hamiltonians usually associated with electronic systems. In the presence of a periodic potential, artificial gauge fields may bring ultracold atoms closer to the quantum Hall regime. Here, we describe a one-dimensional lattice derived purely from effective Zeeman shifts resulting from a combination of Raman coupling and radio-frequency magnetic fields. In this lattice, the tunneling matrix element is generally complex. We control both the amplitude and the phase of this tunneling parameter, experimentally realizing the Peierls substitution for ultracold neutral atoms.
Highlights
Artificial gauge fields open the possibility to realize quantum many-body systems with ultracold atoms, by engineering Hamiltonians usually associated with electronic systems
Ultracold atoms subjected to artificial gauge fields can realize phenomena usually in the domain of electronic systems
We describe a one-dimensional (1D) ‘‘Zeeman lattice’’ for ultracold atoms created with a combination of radio frequency and optical-Raman coupling fields, without any optical standing waves
Summary
We describe a one-dimensional lattice derived purely from effective Zeeman shifts resulting from a combination of Raman coupling and radio-frequency magnetic fields In this lattice, the tunneling matrix element is generally complex. We describe a one-dimensional (1D) ‘‘Zeeman lattice’’ for ultracold atoms created with a combination of radio frequency (rf) and optical-Raman coupling fields, without any optical standing waves. In this lattice, atoms acquire a quantum mechanical phase as they hop from site to site, explicitly realizing the Peierls transformation [5] in the laboratory frame. Our effective Zeeman lattice provides both a periodic potential and an artificial vector potential in the laboratory frame
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