PEG-functionalized aliphatic polycarbonate brushes with self-polishing dynamic antifouling properties

Abstract

Hydrophilic antifouling polymers provide excellent antifouling effects under usual short-term use conditions, but the long-term accumulation of contaminants causes them to lose their antifouling properties. To overcome this drawback, surface-initiated ring-opening graft polymerization (SI-ROP) was performed on the surface of the material by applying the cyclic carbide monomer 4′-(fluorosulfonyl)benzyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (FMC), which contains a sulfonylfluoride group on the side chain, followed by a “sulfur(IV)-fluorine exchange” (SuFEx) post click modification reaction to link the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the polyFMC (PFMC) brush, and a novel antifouling strategy for self-polishing dynamic antifouling surfaces was developed. The experimental results showed that the antifouling surface could effectively prevent the adsorption of proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA, ∼96.4%), fibrinogen (Fg, ∼87.8%) and lysozyme (Lyz ∼69.4%) as well as the adhesion of microorganisms such as the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (∼87.5%) and HeLa cells (∼67.2%). Moreover, the enzymatically self-polished surface still has excellent antifouling properties. Therefore, this modification method has potential applications in the field of biosensors and novel antifouling materials.