Abstract
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy sharing allows the surplus energy from distributed energy resources (DERs) to trade between prosumers in a community Microgrid. P2P energy sharing is being becoming more attractive than the conventional peer-to-grid (P2G) trading. However, intensive sensing and communication infrastructures are required either for information flows in a local market or for building a central control system. Moreover, the existing pricing mechanisms for P2P energy sharing could not ensure all the P2P participants gain economic benefits. This work proposed a two-stage aggregated control to realize P2P energy sharing in community Microgrids, where only the measurement at the point of common coupling (PCC) and one-way communication are required. This method allows individual prosumers to control their DERs via a third party entity, so called energy sharing coordinator (ESC). In the first stage, a constrained non-linear programming (CNLP) optimization with a rolling horizon was used to minimize the energy costs of the community. In the second stage, a rule based control was carried out updating the control set-points according to the real-time measurement. The benefits of P2P energy sharing were assessed from the community’s as well as individual customers’ perspective. The proposed method was applied to residential community Microgrids with photovoltaic (PV) battery systems. It was revealed that P2P energy sharing is able to reduce the energy cost of the community by 30% compared to the conventional P2G energy trading. The modified supply demand ratio based pricing mechanism ensures every individual customer be better off, and can be used as a benchmark for any P2P energy sharing model. For consumers, the electricity bill is reduced by ∼12.4%, and for prosumers, the annual income is increased by ∼£57 per premises.
Highlights
With the ambitions of reducing carbon emissions and enhancing energy security and affordability, the integration of distributed generators (DGs) into electrical power systems is being widely promoted by countries across the globe
This paper proposed a two-stage aggregated control of many smallscale batteries in a community with many residential PV battery systems to carry out P2P energy sharing
This paper proposed a two-stage control method to realize P2P energy sharing in community Microgrids
Summary
With the ambitions of reducing carbon emissions and enhancing energy security and affordability, the integration of distributed generators (DGs) into electrical power systems is being widely promoted by countries across the globe. The game theoretic approach was adopted for P2P energy sharing in [16,17,18] All these works have one thing in common that is, these P2P sharing mechanisms do not need a central control system, but a local market operator is required to collect the bidding/offering information and provide the pricing signal to individuals in the community Microgrid. Compared to the P2P energy sharing without an intermedia, there is no need of fast communication between the market operator and the individual DERs, because the pricing and billing are conducted 24 h after the actual electricity consumption, using the recorded import/export energy (e.g. half-hourly) data from smart meters. The comparison between P2P energy sharing and P2G energy trading in terms of the energy cost of the community and individual customers can be conducted
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