Abstract
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading represents direct energy trading between peers, where energy from small-scale Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in dwellings, offices, factories, etc, is traded among local energy prosumers and consumers. A hierarchical system architecture model was proposed to identify and categorize the key elements and technologies involved in P2P energy trading. A P2P energy trading platform was designed and P2P energy trading was simulated using game theory. Test results in a LV grid-connected Microgrid show that P2P energy trading is able to improve the local balance of energy generation and consumption. Moreover, the increased diversity of generation and load profiles of peers is able to further facilitate the balance.
Highlights
With the increasing connection of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), traditional energy consumers are becoming prosumers, who can both consume and generate energy [1]
A hierarchical system architecture model was proposed to identify and categorize the key elements and technologies involved in P2P energy trading
A four-layer system architecture is proposed for P2P energy trading, as shown in Fig. 1, to identify and categorize the key elements and technologies involved in P2P energy trading based on the roles they play
Summary
With the increasing connection of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), traditional energy consumers are becoming prosumers, who can both consume and generate energy [1]. In [16], a general framework for implementing a retail energy market based on the Nikaido-Isoda relaxation algorithm was proposed as an electricity market structure with large DERs penetration and demand side management of consumers. In some of the studies mentioned in [17], the multi-agent systems were used for supporting Microgrid operation and management, or for improving supply reliability and stability Those are different from the P2P energy trading discussed in this paper, in which the major objective of each peer is to maximise its own economic benefits. This paper establishes a four-layer system architecture model for P2P energy trading and proposes an associated bidding system for the P2P energy trading among consumers and prosumers in a grid-connected Microgrid for the first time, both of which were not addressed in existing studies.
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