Abstract
New tools for soil mapping are needed to increase speed and accuracy of pedological mapping processes. This study integrated various technologies to map soils of the Piracicaba region in São Paulo State, Brazil. Each technology was expected to provide different information to design a detailed map. We carried out field survey and soil sampling for laboratory analysis. Initially, we conducted field visits to obtain soil patterns of a reference site. We applied the acquired patterns to an validation site, based solely on information obtained from remote sensing and cartographic databases, namely LANDSAT 7/ETM, digital elevation models (DEM) and aerial photographs. We integrated the information from each product to generate the map of the validation site, which was validated by field inspection. Textural classification using satellite imaging ranged from 21-51% of accuracy. Band 5 in the sensor showed the best performance to discriminate between clayey and sandy soils. Aerial photographs provided the best information because, besides their own inherent characteristics, they operate on a larger scale and result in a map with up to 50 polygons, while DEM reached a maximum of 30 polygons. The digital mapping technology generated 45 mapping units. Finally, the mapping efficiently separated the Latosols from the other classes; however, in some cases there was confusion in the identification of Cambisols and litholic Neosols.
Highlights
Pedologists carry out profile description, drilling, and interpretations of landscape features as well as soil classification according to one specific system (BREGT; BOUMA; JELLINEK, 1987)
In São Paulo State, existent maps were developed by the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) and 13% of the mapped area was made at a semidetailed level on a scale of 1:100,000
Remote sensing (RS) is perceived as a facilitator, since the last 30 years have witnessed advances in methods of multivariate classification, variable regionalization theory and computational tools such as geographic information systems (GIS). This process is known as digital soil mapping (DSM), which involves creating and using spatial information obtained from field and laboratory observations linked to spatial and non-spatial systems of inference (LAGACHERIE; MCBRATNEY; VOLTZ, 2007)
Summary
Pedologists carry out profile description, drilling, and interpretations of landscape features as well as soil classification according to one specific system (BREGT; BOUMA; JELLINEK, 1987). Remote sensing (RS) is perceived as a facilitator, since the last 30 years have witnessed advances in methods of multivariate classification, variable regionalization theory and computational tools such as geographic information systems (GIS) This process is known as digital soil mapping (DSM), which involves creating and using spatial information obtained from field and laboratory observations linked to spatial and non-spatial systems of inference (LAGACHERIE; MCBRATNEY; VOLTZ, 2007). Spectroscopy is based on absorption and reflection of electromagnetic energy in different soils and distinct wavelengths according to chemical, physical and mineralogical attributes of the soil This technology allows discriminating soil attributes (BEN-DOR et al, 2009; VISCARRA ROSSEL et al, 2011) and the information is added to digital mapping. We expect that each technique contribute differently to soil characterization and discrimination
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