Abstract
Soil conditions were investigated in South Swedish localities where beech forest and first generation planted spruce exist side by side. The main study area was at Kongalund; further observations were made at Slatterbd, Bokeberg and 20 more localities. When beech is replaced by spruce, the physical properties of the upper soil horizon change, there is an accumulation of organic matter and mor forms at the soil surface. The amount of available water decreases and less rainwater supplements the underground water. There is less exchangeable K and Ca in the upper horizon of spruce forest soil, but more Fe, P04 and acid substances resulting in a decrease in pH to a depth of 50 cm or more. Less nitrification and a greater mobilization of mineralized NH4 occurs in spruce than in beech forest soil. It is concluded that soils of moderately good mineral composition uninfluenced by underground water suffer most damage from podsolization when planted with spruce.
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