Abstract
Burn injuries are a devastating critical care problem. In children, burns continue to be a major epidemiologic problem around the globe resulting in significant morbidity and death. Apparently, treating these burn injuries in children and adults remains similar, but there are significant physiological and psychological differences. The dermal layer of the skin is generally thinner in neonates, infants, and children than in adults. Enhanced evaporative loss and need for isotonic fluids increases the risk of hypothermia in the pediatric population. The pain management of the children with major burns challenges the skills of the personnel of every unit. Managing these wounds requires intensive therapeutic treatment for multi-organ dysfunction, and surgical treatment to prevent sepsis and other complications that further delay wound closure. Alternatives to the practice of donor site harvest and autografting for the treatment of severe burns and other complex skin defects are urgently needed for both adult and pediatric populations. This review article focuses on thermal burn pathophysiology and pain management and provides an overview of currently approved products used for the treatment of pediatric burn wounds. A new promising approach has been presented as a first-line therapy in the treatment of burns to reduce surgical autografting in pediatric patients.
Highlights
One-third of burn injuries in the United States (U.S.) occur in the pediatric population
Pediatric burns resulting in the hospitalization of subjects under 5 years of age are most frequently caused by scalding, whereas fire and flame injuries are a more common etiology amongst older pediatric subjects [1,2]
Burn pathophysiology is similar in adult and pediatric populations, differences in their size and metabolic state requires extra consideration in the treatment of pediatric burns
Summary
One-third of burn injuries in the United States (U.S.) occur in the pediatric population. Children, and adolescents aged 1–17 in the U.S in 2015, fires and burns were the sixth leading cause of non-fatal unintentional injuries leading to hospitalizations and transfers [4]. Fires and burns are currently the fifth leading cause of deaths in the United States that occur in the home, the third leading cause of unintentional injury-related fatalities among children and adolescents aged 5–14, and the fourth most prevalent cause for infants and children aged 1–4 [5]. Efforts include teaching families about lowering water heater temperatures, testing bath temperatures, and raising water heaters off the ground to prevent house fires. Efforts include teaching families about lowering water heater temperatures, testing Managing these wounds requires intensive therapeutic treatment for multi-organ dysfunction, bath temperatures, and raising water heaters off the ground to prevent house fires. Focuses on current advancements in wound healing and pain care management in pediatric patients
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