Pediatric Ocular Trauma

Abstract

Ocular injuries are the leading cause of acquired monocular blindness in pediatric patients. Children and even adolescents are often unaware of the consequences of high-risk behavior, and thus are more vulnerable to ocular trauma than adults. Ophthalmologists must participate in a team approach to rule out apparent or occult life-threatening injuries prior to commencing their ocular exam and treatment. The pediatric eye exam can be challenging due to lack of cooperation and communication. While corneal abrasions are the most common injury, other less common pathology can have devastating effects on the visual system. Approaches to management and treatment of pediatric ocular injuries are highlighted in this chapter. Amblyopia can occur if visual impairment is not corrected in a timely manner. Non-accidental pediatric trauma can often involve ocular structures and when suspected, ophthalmic consultation is critical. With a majority of pediatric ocular trauma being preventable, it is important for care providers to advocate for use of protective eyewear in monocular patients and those participating in athletics.