Abstract
The maize line AT-1 is characterized by a hereditary predisposition to parthenogenesis. The aim of this investigation is to study parthenogenetic embryo development in the culture of unpollinated ovaries in vitro. The unpollinated ovaries were explanted in 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days after the appearance of stigmas from ears. The nutrient medium included mineral components of MS, vitamins, sucrose (9,0%), 2,4-D (2,0 mg/l), agar-agar. The structure of megagametophytes at the time of inoculation of the ovaries and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th day of cultivation was studied. The first divisions of unfertilized egg cells were observed on the 5th7th day after appearance of stigmas from ears, independently from whether all this time the ovaries were on the mother plant or they were inoculated into the nutrient medium. The formation of the autonomous abnormal endosperm in some cultivated ovaries was detected. The abnormal endosperm disturbed normal development of the proembryo. As a rule, the ovaries with embryo and endosperm degenerated. In the absence of endosperm, the morphogenesis of parthenogenetic proembryos was carried out in one of two directions in vitro: 1) development of plants by direct embryogenesis; 2) regeneration of plants from numerous embryoids, raised on the surface of globular proembryos. The second direction was prevailed. The culture of unpollinated ovaries can be a promising method of mass haploid regenerants not only in maize, but also in other types of agricultural plants.
Highlights
Вывод Определяющими факторами, способствующими реализации наследственной предрасположенности линии кукурузы АТ-1 к партеногенезу в культуре неопыленных завязей, являются: 1) суммарный «возраст» завязи; 2) отсутствие эндосперма в культивируемых зародышевых мешках, так как по причине своей аномальности он препятствует развитию зародыша
Что культура неопылённых завязей партеногенетических форм может быть перспективным методом массового производства гаплоидных регенерантов и у других видов сельскохозяйственных растений
Summary
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПАРТЕНОГЕНЕЗА IN VITRO В КУЛЬТУРЕ НЕОПЫЛЁННЫХ ЗАВЯЗЕЙ КУКУРУЗЫ ЛИНИИ АТ-1 Целью исследования являлось изучение особенностей развития партеногенетического зародыша в культуре неопыленных завязей in vitro. В отсутствии эндосперма морфогенез партеногенетических зародышей in vitro осуществлялся по одному из двух направлений: 1) развитие растений путем прямого эмбриогенеза; 2) образование на поверхности глобулярных проэмбрио многочисленных эмбриоидов, способных к регенерации растений.
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