Abstract
Peak broadening or splitting in capillary gas chromatography may be due to condensed solvent flooding the inlet of the column. Solvent introduced by cold on-column injections or recondensed after a splitless injection (solvent effect) travels into the column as a liquid. This liquid carries the dissolved sample components into the capillary, and the sample materials are distributed over the whole length of the flooded zone. This causes the peaks to be broadened or, if the sample components are not evenly distributed, to be split. The broadening or splitting effect is stronger the longer is the flooded section of the capillary inlet. The peak distortion increases with the retention of the peak and does not disappear with temperature programming. The deficiency affects the peaks of all sample components with the exception of those which are sufficiently volatile to migrate at the column temperature during injection. It is shown that the separation efficiency of a 15-m column may decrease bya factor of five in terms of plates or by a factor of two if the resolution is calculated as Trennzahl.
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