Abstract
Many nation-states have increasingly found themselves in a situation where they are unable to sort out their domestic conflicts without third party mediation. This is particularly true for a country like the Government of the Philippines (GPH) who has been fighting violent protracted internal conflicts for many decades against Bangsamoro revolutionary groups. Therefore, with respect to the above, the purpose of this article is to compare peacebuilding models of third party mediation to the Bangsamoro conflicts with particular focus between Malaysia and the Organization of Islamic Conference, presently Cooperation (OIC). Its approach is primarily an eclectic, by concentrating on the strengths and weaknesses of the peacebuilding models of the third party mediation as employed by both Malaysia and OIC. The article is divided into two major parts. The first part discussed both Malaysia and OIC’s diplomatic approaches in dealing with the Bangsamoro conflict, while the second part explained inclusivity versus exclusivity of both Malaysia and the OIC respectively. The study found that Malaysia’s model is more durable and successful when compared to OIC’s. In fact, Malaysia’s quiet diplomacy and less confrontational approach with greater inclusivity were more effective compared to elitist and confrontational approach of the OIC’s mediation to the Bangsamoro conflicts. Indeed, the Government of the Philippines and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (GPH-MILF) peace process is one of the most inclusive peace processes in the world. It may have some who were left out in the peace process, but they were all consulted by both Manila and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) as opposed to OIC mediated Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front (GRP-MNLF) peace negotiations. Therefore, it is pertinent to conclude that there is nothing that resembles the inclusivity of the GPH-MILF peace process that characterized the exclusivity of the GRP-MNLF peace process.
Highlights
Nowadays, the number of peopletravelling to acquire knowledge about other culture is growing
This changing pattern is used by Kelantan to offer Kelantan International Kite Festival (KIKF) as a tourism attraction, other than the otherunique culture, traditional arts,and crafts.KIKF is an annual kitetheme festival that aims to promote and preserve kite as traditional games that truly represent local identities of Kelantan Malay (Mohd, 2011)
This study set out to create a discourse with the residents that reside within Geting beach to help better understand on their perception towards the impacts of KIKF
Summary
The number of peopletravelling to acquire knowledge about other culture is growing. It created an early perception about others culture and lead to the rise of experiential travel This process stimulates people to purchase a travel package around the world to experience the authenticity of cultural activities rather than just watch people in their social network visiting amazing cultural and heritage places around the globe. The above situation reflects the change in tourist behaviour pattern whereby tourists nowadays prefer authentic destinations that offer eternity experiences Moutinho (2016), as well as destinations that positively affected their social life (Mondal, 2015) This changing pattern is used by Kelantan to offer Kelantan International Kite Festival (KIKF) as a tourism attraction, other than the otherunique culture, traditional arts,and crafts.KIKF is an annual kitetheme festival that aims to promote and preserve kite as traditional games that truly represent local identities of Kelantan Malay (Mohd, 2011). The effort to promote and preserve these art and heritage resources is significant, as it does represent Kelantan Malay per say, but Malaysian heritage as a whole, as many forms of Malaysian heritage (such as kite playing, Malay crafts like painting, sculpture, pottery, woodcarving and so on) were originated from Kelantan (Shuaib, 2013)
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