Abstract
ABSTRACT Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits have been successfully and economically used to drill sand and shale sections in the oilfields of the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California. "Successful" refers to reducing the number of days to drill a well by four to six days, and "Economical" refers to reducing the cost per foot for the sand and shale intervals drilled with PDC bits. Enhancements of design variables including variations in back rake and side rake angles, and improved selection (numbers and sizes) of nozzles have helped PDC bits be economical in the Southern San Joaquin Valley. In addition to conventional vertical wells, PDC bits used in conjunction with mud motors and steering tools have also been successfully used to directionally drill wells in this area.
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