Abstract
C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) is a state-of-the-art wireless technology used in autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). This technology has extended the coverage and blind-spot detection of autonomous driving vehicles. Economically, C-V2X is much more cost-effective than the traditional sensors that are commonly used by autonomous driving vehicles. This cost-benefit makes it more practical in a large scale deployment. PC5-based C-V2X uses an RF (Radio Frequency) sidelink direct communication for low latency mission-critical vehicle sensor connectivity. Over the C-V2X radio communications, the autonomous driving vehicle’s sensor ability can now be largely enhanced to the distances as far as the network covers. In 2020, 5G is commercialized worldwide, and Taiwan is at the forefront. Operators and governments are keen to see its implications in people’s daily life brought by its low latency, high reliability, and high throughput. Autonomous driving class L3 (Conditional Automation) or L4 (Highly Automation) are good examples of 5G’s advanced applications. In these applications, the mobile networks with URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication) are perfectly demonstrated. Therefore, C-V2X evolution and 5G NR (New Radio) deployment coincide and form a new ecosystem. This ecosystem will change how people will drive and how transportation will be managed in the future. In this paper, the following topics are covered. Firstly, the benefits of C-V2X communication technology. Secondly, the standards of C-V2X and C-V2X applications for automotive road safety system which includes V2P/V2I/V2V/V2N, and artificial intelligence in VRU (Vulnerable Road User) detection, object recognition and movement prediction for collision warning and prevention. Thirdly, PC5-based C-V2X deployment status in global, especially in Taiwan. Lastly, current challenges and conclusions of C-V2X development.
Highlights
According to the statistics, 1.35 million people die in road accidents worldwide every year, equivalent to 3700 deaths per day [1]
Why would it still be beneficial for intelligent transportation systems to adopt C-V2X technology? It is because C-V2X can detect potential hazards and road situations from longer distances
We have introduced the standardization of C-V2X in 3GPP
Summary
1.35 million people die in road accidents worldwide every year, equivalent to 3700 deaths per day [1]. The second mode is cellular network communications, in which C-V2X employs the conventional mobile network to enable vehicles to receive information about road and traffic conditions in the area. This work contains many technical research works and insights from a C-V2X technical expert from Nokia who designed a series of workable system integration solutions that have been deployed in some pilot and commercial C-V2X projects This pioneering study discusses C-V2X technology applied in practice, and all the test results and conclusions come from real C-V2X communication system integration, not simulation tools. We expect that through this work, we can promote C-V2X technology and take it forward
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