PC1 The Use and Performance of Productivity Scales to Evaluate Presenteeism in Mood Disorders

Abstract

Mood disorders are associated with a high societal cost, mainly due to productivity loss and in particular presenteeism. The latter should therefore be measured with the most appropriate tool. The objective is to review the use of ten instruments in mood disorders and to provide recommendations about the most appropriate instruments according to the situation. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed focusing on ten instruments: Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS), Health & Labour Questionnaire (HLQ), WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ), Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ), Lam Employment Absence and Productivity Scale (LEAPS), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS), Work and Health Interview (WHI), Work Limitation Questionnaire (WLQ) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI). Study characteristics and major results (by symptom level, by treatment arm, correlation to other scales and use of monetisation) were extracted. Twenty-nine studies (21 observational studies) were identified. No studies in mood disorders were retrieved for two scales (HLQ and HWQ). SDS, WLQ and HPQ were the most commonly used instruments. Most scales demonstrated higher presenteeism in patients with symptoms of mood disorders than in patients without. LEAPS, SDS and WLQ showed increased presenteeism with increasing severity of disease. Few studies reported results on presenteeism by treatment and no betweentreatment differences were generally observed. Good correlations between presenteeism instruments and clinical or quality of life scales were reported. Only three studies converted results from presenteeism scales into monetary units. Limited evidence exists to compare the performance of presenteeism scales in mood disorders. Recommendations for inclusion of a presenteeism tool should be driven by theoretical arguments (ease of administration, amenability to monetisation) and the study type. Future research should focus on the responsiveness demonstration and the evaluation of the impact of mood disorders on self-reported assessment.