Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solution by nutshells, green adsorbent: Adsorption studies, regeneration studies, scale-up design, its effect on biological indicator and MLR modeling

Abstract

In this paper, agricultural waste nutshells, such as walnut and almond shell, were utilized to treat Pb(II) containing aqueous solution. Lead(II) is a typical poisonous, commercial, water-pollutant, having multiple awful effects on the environment. The effluent of the different industrial wastewater cans is treated by using leftover and excess green waste. This finding is focused on the utilization of walnut and almond shells for Pb(II) removal. These green adsorbents are characterized using SEM, FTIR, pHpzc, and BET analyzer. The operating parameters are first optimized. The pseudo-2nd order kinetic, as well as the Langmuir isotherm model, have better applicability for both nutshells. Chemical sorption processes have been reported at higher temperatures, whereas at a lower temperature, it follows the physical sorption process. Elevated temperature helps to remove the metal ion more efficiently. The sorption process is spontaneous and endothermic for both nutshells. The desorption study shows that adsorbents can be used several times. Deadly effects of Pb(II) have been reported by the RBC count of Gallus gallus domesticus. It’s been observed that the treated solution is somewhat less harmful. Application study using industrial effluent is successfully demonstrated. The scale-up design operation has been investigated. Statistical modeling has also been very successfully implemented using the data collected from the experiment. The study indicates that both nutshells have the potential for the removal of Pb(II).