Patterns of uveitis at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, Eastern India

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the pattern of uveitis at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of new cases of uveitis attending our tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, Eastern India, from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2019. Data regarding patient demographic profile, clinical features, anatomical locations, and etiological diagnosis were evaluated. Results: Among 331 patients, 142 (42.9%) were male and 189 (57.1%) were female (P < 0.05). The mean age at uveitis onset was 32.4 ± 21.13 years (range: 5–61 years). Uveitis was mostly unilateral (77.64%) and nongranulomatous (85.2%). A specific etiology was identified in 187 patients (56.5%). Anterior uveitis was the most common form (183 patients; 55.29%), followed by posterior uveitis (79 patients; 23.87%), panuveitis (51 patients; 15.4%), and intermediate uveitis (18 patients; 5.44%). The most common cause of anterior uveitis was idiopathic (92 cases; 50.27%), followed by seronegative spondyloarthropathy (25 cases; 13.66%). In intermediate uveitis, a specific diagnosis was obtained in eight (44.45%) cases. Presumed tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and seronegative spondyloarthropathy were among the specific etiological causes. In posterior uveitis, toxoplasmosis was the leading etiological cause (18 cases; 22.78%), followed by presumed tuberculosis and Behçet's disease. In panuveitis cases, a specific diagnosis was established in 33 cases (64.71%). The most common etiology was Behçet's disease (11 cases; 21.57%), followed by Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease and presumed tuberculosis. Conclusion: Anterior uveitis was the most common form of uveitis. A specific etiology was found in 56.5% of cases. Behçet's disease, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, presumed tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis were the leading causes of uveitis.