Patterns of runoff formation and erosion under the influence of land and forest strips on the southern chernozem

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to establish the regularities of the formation of maximum flow rates and erosion under the influence of forests, forest strips and agricultural lands in the steppe of the Volga upland. The research methodology was based on the recommendations of specialized research institutes and scientists of Russia. Snow water supply, runoff, maximum runoff modulus, erosion undergo significant changes under the influence of agricultural land, forest strips and forests. Forest strips and forest reduce the coefficients of spring and stormwater runoff in comparison with agricultural land by 5.0-13.5 times. Accordingly, the indicators of the maximum flow modulus are 17.6 - 157 times. The parameters of the drain module are necessary for the creation of discharge erosion control structures. Erosion under the influence of forest strips in fields with non-fallow crop rotation cultivation technology and from forest lands takes permissible sizes of less than 0.3 t/ ha for soils A+ B < 0.5 m. Dump technology, in addition to forest strips, requires the use of additional agrotechnical techniques, for example, mulched crevice. From the complex variety of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on erosion, the coefficient and modulus of surface runoff, the degree of protection of the soil by land are the predominant ones. Regression-correlation analysis notes a close relationship between erosion, surface runoff parameters and applied forest strips with determination coefficients 082-0.96. Long-term studies on slopes 3-5o allowed us to recommend: distances between forest strips 300 m- 250 m; non-fallow technology of crop rotation cultivation.