Abstract
This paper reveals main patterns of development of advanced clonal apple rootstocks of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University selection in the mother plantation. The studied growth and development indicators of shoots, as well as the level of their rooting in 40 genotypes, demonstrate significant heterogeneity of hybrid plants, which is due to their different genetic origin and the associated unequal growth force of parent shrubs. Correlations between the main quantitative morphological characters of parent shrubs of the studied genotypes were revealed. An interrelation of the height of the parent shrub and the area of its leaf surface is noted - on the expectation of 0.71 shoot; for the entire uterine shrub – of 0.45; between the output of standard layering from the shrub and the average rooting score (at 0.72). Promising clonal rootstocks with high yield indices in the mother plantation have been identified.
Highlights
Dwarf clonal apple rootstocks are important in the modern intensive gardening, they allow you to directionally control the balance of the fruit tree between the growth of crown’s vegetative components and fruiting
According to the specific leaf surface area per 1 m of shoot, the variances between the genotypes differed by 8.9 times – from 7007 cm2 of the dwarf rootstock 4-2-50 to 62532 cm2 of the form 2-12-34
Important technological indicators of cultivation of clonal rootstocks in the mother plantation are the geometric dimensions of their parent shrubs: height, ramification intensity and sprawling of shoots
Summary
Dwarf clonal apple rootstocks are important in the modern intensive gardening, they allow you to directionally control the balance of the fruit tree between the growth of crown’s vegetative components and fruiting. Of great scientific and practical importance is the study of new rootstocks on the basic morphological and physiological indicators. Their leaf apparatus plays an important role in the normal course of a number of physiological processes in the mother plantation, primarily photosynthesis and transpiration [1,2,3, 12]. The university has created a significant genetic collection and a hybrid fund of dwarf clonal apple rootstocks, which annually contribute in comprehensive comparative studies [1,2,3, 13,14,15,16]. The identified stocks are characterized by the presence of anthocyanins in the tissues and increased resistance to adverse climatic conditions, especially to the damaging temperatures of the winter period [17, 18]
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