Abstract
One of the most common infections seen in primary care today is a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli. E. coli-positive UTIs have evolved highly specialised mechanisms of resistance to most of the antibiotics commonly used as treatment. One resistance mechanism causing particular concern is the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), enzymes that enable E. coli to become resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. As bacteria continue to evolve specialised resistance adaptations, GPs are slowly being forced to prescribe more powerful antibiotics to treat common UTIs, creating an environment where multi-resistant bacteria can thrive.
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