Abstract
Introducción. El consumo de alcohol es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial que puede surgir a partir de múltiples características del individuo y el entorno, así como de creencias e ideologías sobre esta conducta. Objetivo. Identificar los patrones del consumo de alcohol y explorar las representaciones sociales del consumo de alcohol que construyen los jóvenes universitarios. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. En la recolección cuantitativa se obtuvieron 59 participantes, a quienes se aplicó una cédula de datos personales y consumo de alcohol y el cuestionario AUDIT, en la recolección cualitativa se realizaron siete entrevistas semiestructuradas en línea. Resultados. En los 59 participantes, se identificó que el 93.2% consumió alcohol alguna vez en la vida, el 83.1% en el último año, el 55.9% en el último mes y el 28.8% en los últimos siete días. El 36.7% presentó consumo de bajo riesgo, el 34.7% dependiente o de riesgo y el 28.6% perjudicial. A partir de las siete entrevistas surgieron siete categorías: conducta previa relacionada, percepción de beneficios del consumo de alcohol, percepción de barreras para el consumo de alcohol, autoeficacia de resistencia al consumo de alcohol, afectos positivos relacionados al consumo de alcohol, influencias interpersonales e influencia situacional de las redes sociales. Discusión. Los resultados evidencian el papel que pueden tener las creencias, percepciones e ideologías sobre la conducta del consumo de alcohol en los jóvenes universitarios; hallazgos que se convierten en un importante aporte para el desarrollo de futuros estudios y de estrategias de prevención enfocada a jóvenes universitarios. ABSTRACT Introduction. Alcohol consumption is a complex phenomenon to study that can arise from multiple characteristics of the individual and the environment, as well as beliefs and ideologies about this behavior. Objective: Identify patterns of alcohol consumption and explore the social representations of alcohol consumption constructed by university students. Methodology. A descriptive study was carried out with a qualitative approach. In the quantitative collection, 59 participants were obtained, to whom a personal data and alcohol consumption card and the AUDIT questionnaire were applied; In the qualitative collection, seven semi-structured online interviews were conducted. Results. Of the 59 participants, it was identified that 93.2% consumed alcohol at some point in their lives, 83.1% in the last year, 55.9% in the last month and 28.8% in the last seven days. 36.7% presented low-risk consumption, 34.7% dependent or risky, and 28.6% harmful. Seven categories emerged from the seven interviews: previous related behavior, perception of benefits from alcohol consumption, perception of barriers to alcohol consumption, self-efficacy of resistance to alcohol consumption, positive affects related to alcohol consumption, interpersonal influences and situational influence of social relations. networks. Discussion. The results show the important role that beliefs, perceptions and ideologies can have on alcohol consumption behavior in university students; findings that become an important contribution to the development of future prevention strategies focused university students.
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