Patología de la aorta torácica y abdominal

Abstract

Acute aortic syndrome is a lesion of the aortic wall involving the aortic media layer. The term covers aortic dissection, intramural hematoma and penetrating ulcer. Aortic coarctation comprises approximately 7% of all known congenital cardiovascular defects. Aortic aneurysms could be divided into: thoracic, toracoabdominal, infrarenal, yuxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms. Aortic occlusive syndromes encompass a wide variety of aortic and aortoiliac conditions that present with devastating clinical sequale of hypertension coupled with visceral and lower limb ischemia. Common causes of aortic occlusion include: atherosclerotic occlusive disease, acute aortic occlusion (embolic/thrombotic/dissection) and mid aortic syndrome (Takayasu arteritis, congenital aortic hypoplasia, fibromuscular dysplasia, neurofibromatosis). The availability of endovascular treatment has provided new approaches to the management of these conditions and could improve prognosis. The aim of this article is to review recent progress in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of these aortic syndromes.