Abstract
Background: The CYP1A1 catalyses polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activation to reactive metabolites, causing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and cancer. It is highly polymorphic and displays ethnic differences in various populations.Aim: To evaluate the association of three polymorphic variants in the CYP1A1 gene with breast cancer in Sudanese women.Sett ing: This is a case-control study.Methods: After consenting, the participants completed questionnaires consisting of sociodemographic data, gynaecological status, and breast cancer history. We recorded clinical data, weight, and height for each woman and drew blood for PCR and RFLP analyses for CYP1A1 genotyping.Results: The CYP1A1 M1 and CYP1A1 M3 genotypes and homozygous CYP1A1 M1 (C/C) and CYP1A1 M3 (C/C) genotypes are not associated with breast cancer risk and menopausal status in women. The homozygous CYP1A1 M2 (A/A) genotype had a significant association with a risk reduction of breast cancer in premenopausal women. In contrast, the heterozygous CYP1A1 M2 (A/G) and the homozygous (G/G) are associated with significant breast cancer risk.Conclusion: Despite the limitations encountered in this study that included the small sample size and availability of age-matched controls, the results suggest that the CYP1A1 M2 polymorphism, educational level, and family history of breast cancer may have an association with the risk of developing breast cancer amongst Sudanese women and warrant confirmation in more extensive studies.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, accounting for 23% (1.38 million) of the total new cancer cases and 14% (458 400) of the total cancer deaths in 2008.1 The incidence rates are higher in developed countries.[2]
In the light of the mixed published reports concerning Cytochrome P-4501A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphisms and their association with breast cancer risk that vary with region and ethnic groups, we aimed to assess the association of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with breast cancer in women of Afro-Arabian descent from Sudan
The homozygous CYP1A1 M2 (A/A) genotype had a significant risk reduction of breast cancer, whilst we found that the heterozygous CYP1A1 M2 (A/G) was associated with a significantly increased breast cancer risk
Summary
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, accounting for 23% (1.38 million) of the total new cancer cases and 14% (458 400) of the total cancer deaths in 2008.1 The incidence rates are higher in developed countries.[2] In Africa, breast cancer has overtaken cervical cancer as the most common malignancy affecting women, and the incidence rates appear to be rising.[3] accurate figures regarding the incidence of cancer in Sudan are not available, cancer has emerged as one of the significant health problems.[4] Breast cancer is the most common hospital treated malignancy, accounting for about one-fifth of all cancers in females. The CYP1A1 catalyses polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activation to reactive metabolites, causing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and cancer. It is highly polymorphic and displays ethnic differences in various populations
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