Abstract
Pathomorphological study of the neonatal period piglets of ontogenesis from the pig breeding complex obtained from sows that were given feed contaminated with mycotoxins during pregnancy and after parturition was carried out. Pathological changes in the internal organs of piglets, characterized by various dystrophic and inflammatory processes resulting from the influence of mycotoxins, were established. Edema and congestion in the lungs of piglets is noted as a sign of circulation failure in the body. Signs of interstitial pneumonia are detected with areas of chronic alveolar emphysema and atelectasis. Signs of granular dystrophy were noted in the heart in cardiomyocytes. Interstitial connective tissue has signs of edema; the swelling of blood vessel walls is noted. The morphofunctional state of the thyroid gland in piglets, taking into account changes in the organ structure, is characterized as a macro-microfollicular proliferating colloid goiter. The border smoothness between white and red pulp, hyperemia of blood vessels and the small number of lymphatic nodules with a size decrease are noted in the spleen. The demarcation clarity of white pulp into separate structural zones is not diagnosed in lymphatic nodules. Signs of catarrhal enteritis and chronic catarrhal colitis with a tendency to its transition to atrophic catarrh are detected in the small and large intestines of the gastrointestinal tract. Hepatocytes have mild signs of granular dystrophy in the lobules of the piglets’ liver. Protein hepatosis signs interspersed with areas of necrobiosis are identified in separate lobules of the organ against the background of general atrophy of hepatocytes. Granular dystrophy signs with the phenomena of its desquamation in certain areas are revealed in the convoluted tubules of kidney nephrons in epithelial cells. Part of epithelial cells of the nephron tubule is subject to necrobiotic processes. Thickening of the basic capillary membrane with glomerulitis is noted in the glomerulus of the renal corpuscle. Edema and mild lymphocyte-macrophage infiltration with the phenomena of the mucoid swelling of blood vessel walls is observed in the interstitial organ tissue.
Highlights
One of the urgent problems of modern pig breeding is to increase the resistance of animals’ body
Eating feeds contaminated with secondary metabolites of microfungus in pregnant sows leads to disruption of piglets’ prenatal development, to the newborns with pathological disturbance in development, which are further aggravated by the production of colostrum contaminated with mycotoxins
Based on the autopsy results, we have noted that the most profound changes in the body are associated with a dysfunction of the morphofunctional state of the liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract organs
Summary
One of the urgent problems of modern pig breeding is to increase the resistance of animals’ body. The feed contamination with micromyces, and later contamination of feed by mycotoxins, should be attributed to negative factors that negatively affect pig production in general. The production of mycotoxin-contaminated feed from highquality raw materials is not excluded at the plant. Another aspect of this problem is the transformation of mycotoxins as a result of biochemical reactions in the body. This leads to more severe consequences of poisoning, since mycotoxins can be metabolized to more toxigenic derivatives and form substances that are not detected by conventional research methods [14]
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