Pathomorphological changes in laboratory animals exposed to lethal doses of disinfec-tants

Abstract

The use of disinfectants is a crucial aspect of preventive and health improvement measures for infectious diseases in farm and domestic animals. Regulatory documents require the determination of toxicity to macroorganisms, including the establishment of lethal doses and toxicity groups, during the development and registration of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to investigate the histological changes in the internal organs of laboratory animals when determining lethal doses of innovative disinfectants. The experiments used domestic disinfectants containing glutaraldehyde as the active ingredient. Histological studies were conducted on the internal organs (kidney, liver, stomach, intestines, and spleen) of 75 laboratory animals using an Axioskop 40/40FL microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) with video microscopic photography. The methods used were under current standards. Hemodynamic disorders were observed in the renal tissue under the influence of lethal doses of aldehyde disinfectants. These disorders were characterized by capillary dilation and blood filling. Glomerular capillary dilation and overflow with blood cells were also detected. Additionally, stasis was observed in the lumen of the microcirculatory vessels throughout the entire length. The examination of histological sections from animal liver samples revealed a significant expansion of Dissé spaces, variations in the size of hepatocyte nuclei, beam decomposition and fragmentation, small acute perivascular hemorrhages, leukostasis in sinusoids, and hemodynamic disorders. The structure of the organ's beams was also disturbed, and a significant number of venous vessels were dilated and excessively filled with blood cells. Minor changes were detected in the stomach, including desquamation of the epithelial cells of the glands and their exfoliation into the gastric lumen, as well as circulatory disorders. Epithelial desquamation, blood vessel dilation, and signs of connective tissue edema were observed in the intestine. The kidneys exhibited signs of acute venous hemorrhage and stasis in vessels of various calibers, with the development of small acute parenchymal hemorrhages and localized lymphoid cell death in the white pulp. The prospect of further research is to investigate the histomorphological changes in the internal organs of laboratory animals when exposed to modern complex disinfectants with different active ingredients.