Abstract
COVID-19, occurring due to SARS-COV-2 infection, is the most recent pandemic disease that has led to three million deaths at the time of writing. A great deal of effort has been directed towards altering the virus trajectory and/or managing the interactions of the virus with its subsequent targets in the human body; these interactions can lead to a chain reaction-like state manifested by a cytokine storm and progress to multiple organ failure. During cytokine storms the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory mediators is generally increased, which contributes to the instigation of hyper-inflammation and confers advantages to the virus. Because cytokine expression patterns fluctuate from one person to another and even within the same person from one time to another, we suggest a road map of COVID-19 management using an individual approach instead of focusing on the blockbuster process (one treatment for most people, if not all). Here, we highlight the biology of the virus, study the interaction between the virus and humans, and present potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological modulators that might contribute to the global war against SARS-COV-2. We suggest an algorithmic roadmap to manage COVID-19.
Highlights
Deaths due to SARS-COV-2 infection have officially surpassed 3 million, with the probable number of victims being much higher
Cathepsin L inhibitors such as CTLA-2α [85], the selective N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosinal [86], MDL28170 [87], and even slight alkalization show a gradual reduction in fusion due to catL activity [87]
Administration off-label of certain drugs that target the virus and/or the cytokine storm has become a promising approach in managing COVID-19 [158]; some of these agents include: Macrolide antibiotics: These antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Summary
Deaths due to SARS-COV-2 infection have officially surpassed 3 million, with the probable number of victims being much higher. The latest surges of contagion are perhaps stronger than the original wave and seem to be unstoppable. While vaccination consid-of ered thethan bestthe solution towave eradicating theto virus and halting the pandemic, the is number ered the vaccinated best solution to eradicating virusespecially and halting thenations pandemic, the number people worldwide is verythe small, in the currently hardestof hit, people vaccinated is very small, especially in the nations currently hardest and probably willworldwide proceed very slowly. This leaves the health services that must savehit, the and probably will proceed very slowly.
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