Abstract
We describe a wireless microsystem for gastrointestinal manometry that couples a microfabricated capacitive transducer to a dual-axis inductor, forming a resonant inductor-capacitor (LC) sensor within an ingestible 3D printed biocompatible capsule measuring ø 12 mm × 24 mm. An inductively coupled external telemetry unit wirelessly monitors the pressure dependent resonant frequency of the LC sensor, eliminating the need for integrated power sources within the ingested capsule. In vitro tests in saline show pressure response of −0.6 kHz/mmHg, interrogation distance up to 6 cm, and resolution up to 0.8 mmHg. In vivo functionality is validated with gastrointestinal pressure monitoring in a canine beagle over a 26-hour period.
Highlights
Many industries can benefit from miniaturized wireless pressure monitoring, but it is perhaps the biomedical field which may have the most compelling needs [1]
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is dependent on regular contractions to ensure consistent digestion and passage of food. Abnormalities in these contractions and the resulting pressure waves can result in, or result from, a number of motility disorders associated with nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting [2]; detecting these irregularities is important for proper diagnosis and treatment
In order to capture transient changes in GI pressure required for diagnosing motility disorders [17], the wireless interrogation system must measure the pressure-dependent resonant frequency, f0, with sufficient readout bandwidth (≥2 Hz) and calculate the corresponding pressure with adequate resolution (≤5 mmHg)
Summary
Many industries can benefit from miniaturized wireless pressure monitoring, but it is perhaps the biomedical field which may have the most compelling needs [1]. Traditional endoscopic techniques can be used, but due to instrument rigidity and size it can be difficult to image the small intestine and may cause pain and discomfort in some patients [4] Another diagnosis regime employs pill-shaped ingestible devices, typically containing sensors, readout and data transmission electronics, and batteries [5]. Our effffort assesses an alternate method of diagnosing motility disorders that eliminates the need to ingest radiological or bbaatttteerryy mmaatteerriiaallss wwhhiillee ssiimmuullttaanneeoouussllyy rreedduucciinngg sseennssoorr ppiillllccoommpplleexxiittyy, and potentialllyy reducingg the cost for this single-use disposable device It realizes an ingestible capsule containing a passive LC sseensor aannd iinndduuccttively ccooupled eexxternal tteelemetry unit wwiitthh ccoonnttrrol ssoofftware for monitoring ggaastric pprressure ((FFiigguure 11)),,ffooccuussiinnggoonnmmaaxxiimmiizziinnggiinntteerrrrooggaattiioonnddiissttaannccee,,rreessoolluuttiioonn,, and readout bandwidth. Using (3)–(6), coil design can be refined to maximize performance within the physical boundaries of the gastric manometry application
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