Passive Solar Systems in Low-Rise Housing Architecture in Southern Primorye

Abstract

This article examines the effectiveness of passive solar technologies in individual housing construction in the climatic conditions of southern Primorye. Three versions of the architectural solution of the passive solar heating “Direct Systems” model selected as the object of research, compositionally differ in the architecture of the enclosing structures interacting with the thermal massive and the location of the thermal massive in the planning structure of the house. In version 1, design of an additional roof slope shading the living area reduced the area of the south-facing stained glass and the efficiency of the passive system but solved the problem of light comfort in the house. Solar heat gains compensate heat losses by 57%. In version 2, the atrium stained-glass window open to the sun creates an uncomfortable light regime, which was compensated by a sun-shading glass unit. The loss of thermal radiation from the sun on the stained glass was almost 80%, but due to the large area of the stained glass, the contribution of the passive solar heating system remained similar to version 1 - about 50%. In version 3 of a simplified solar house of minimal dimensions, the heat-receiving stained glass window and the thermal massive are placed in the entrance zone. This placement of the passive system made it possible to maintain light comfort, and in general, a decrease in the heated volume of the house made it possible to compensate for heat losses by 94%. As these data show, with a careful architectural solution of passive solar systems, in the climatic conditions of southern Primorye engineering heating systems of a low-rise residential solar house, including renewable energy systems, can be considered as auxiliary.