Abstract
Pretreatment of slow sand filter influent is necessary to remove colloidal clay contaminants resulting from source watershed erosion. In pilot-scale studies using slow sand filters fed from a natural river source, horizontal-flow roughing filters containing basaltic river rock and calcite limestone media were tested for water chemistry changes over sixty-day periods and turbidity removal during clay challenge studies. Roughing filters with calcite or basalt media alone failed to adequately pretreat source water, but a calcite-amended rock roughing filter in combination with slow sand filtration enhanced effluent pH, alkalinity, and saturation index values, and this pretreatment filter system produced effluent compliant with a 1 ntu turbidity regulatory requirement for potable water.
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