Abstract

The method of ‘passive resistance’ was taken up and expanded by Gandhi during his years in South Africa. As this provides a critical element of the history, the second chapter focuses on this movement against racial discrimination against Indians, bringing out how it gave rise to Gandhi’s novel notion of ‘satyagraha’ and the production of his well-known manifesto, Hind Swaraj. Initially involving mainly Indian traders, the campaign of ‘passive resistance’ escalated in 2013 into strikes by Indian mineworkers and plantation workers, leading to a significant step-down by the South African government in early 1914. This success saw Gandhi becoming a well-known figure in India. He then left South Africa and settled back in India.

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