Abstract
A theoretical treatment of electro-thermally induced passive intermodulation (PIM) is developed for printed dipole antennas, yielding an expression of third-order intermodulation distortion based on the surface current distribution. The simulation procedure of third-order PIM products with the full-wave frequency-domain method was given to evaluate the PIM level. In particular, the PIM dependencies on input power, two-tone frequency separation, and substrate parameters are analyzed leading to design guidelines for low distortion antennas. It is shown in this paper that the thermal factors have a noticeable impact on the PIM power generated by printed dipole antennas. Finally, two antenna samples are fabricated on different substrates, Rogers 5880 and FR4, and a two-tone test at 2-GHz band using a reflective PIM test system is reported. The PIM evaluation method and the design guidelines to reduce the PIM on printed antennas proposed in this paper are of great significance for telecommunication systems.
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