Abstract
Passive decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, proven to be more desirable than the active ones in some scenarios, also have the problem of device imperfections like intensity fluctuations. In this paper, the formula of key generation rate of the passive decoy-state protocol using the weak coherent pulse (WCP) source with intensity fluctuation is given, and then the influence of intensity fluctuations on the performance of the passive decoy-state protocol is rigorously characterized. From numerical simulations, it can be seen that intensity fluctuations have non-negligible influence on the performance of the passive decoy-state QKD protocol with WCP source. Most importantly, our simulations show that, under the same deviation of intensity fluctuations, the passive decoy-state method performs better than the active one decoy-state method and is close to the active vacuum + weak decoy-state method.
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