Abstract
1 Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom, 4 The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, 5 NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
Highlights
PARV4 belongs to the Parvovirus family, characterised by small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses, with an icosahedral capsid
(1) Evidence for parenteral and vertical transmission To date, the best evidence about PARV4 transmission comes from injecting drug user (IDU) cohorts in Europe and North America, in which PARV4 is strongly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV
In China, PARV4 infection has been strongly associated with the presence of either chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or HCV [3], and in a United Kingdom autopsy series, PARV4 DNA was found only in subjects coinfected with HIV [4]
Summary
PARV4 belongs to the Parvovirus family, characterised by small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses, with an icosahedral capsid. Infection: up to 95% of individuals with these viruses are positive for PARV4 IgG [9]. In China, PARV4 infection has been strongly associated with the presence of either chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or HCV [3], and in a United Kingdom autopsy series, PARV4 DNA was found only in subjects coinfected with HIV [4].
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