Abstract
Polylepis tarapacana is an exceptional species, forming the highest treeline in the world. In this work, we compared the climatic conditions of the main highest treelines around the world and highlight the unique conditions of the treelines of the Andes’ Altiplano, the habitat of P. tarapacana. We review the current state of knowledge on the physiology of P. tarapacana and call for the urgent need of additional studies to assess the adaptive strategies of this species that allow it to withstand the harsh environments of high elevation climates.
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