Abstract
Modern development of the Russian viticultural and winemaking industry is aimed at the production of competitive varietal premium wines. It is premised on acceleration of the breeding process of domestic wine grape varieties with the preset course of processing. The purpose of this workск was to study the ratio between the most important quality components of the wines made from two classical and eight promising grape varieties domestic breeding (by Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Centre of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking”, hereafter - Institute) to determine the unique varietal particular qualities. The experiment was performed in 2013–2018. The grapes were picked from two plots located in the Central zone and in the Taman subzone, Krasnodar region. The red varietal wines were made according to the same technology and observing the same processing modes. The analytical research was performed repeatedly with qualification assessment of the results. Two-way-ANOVA was used to identify the impact factors upon the wine components. As a result, the following appreciable grape varieties of the Institute’s breeding were isolated, which demonstrated high accumulation of phenolic substances (over 3,000 mg/l) and anthocyanins (700–1100 mg/l) in wine: Vladimir, Granatovy, Kurchansky, Dmitri; the grape varieties with high accumulation of trans-resveratrol in wine: Vladimir (4.7 mg/l), Dmitri (4.7 mg/l), and Kurchansky (3.0 mg/l); the grape varieties for which wine the mass concentration of malic acid was by 2 to 2.5 times higher than the content of tartaric acid: Vladimir and Dmitri. It was shown that Antaris variety has low ecological plasticity and wine of this variety could be differ qualitatively depending upon edaphoclimatic conditions of the subzone.
Highlights
The Russian winemaking industry undergoes the process of substantial changes related to the increased production volumes of Russian-made wines with protected geographical indication and protected appellation of origin; expansion of the assortment of premium varietal wines made from classical, autochthonal and domestically breeding grape varieties; development of high-quality and globally competitive winemaking [1-5]
It was ascertained that the maximum contribution to the changes in the amounts of wine quality forming compounds was made by the varietal peculiarities of grapes
The following grape varieties selected by the Institute and providing for high accumulation of phenolic substances and anthocyanins in wine were singled out: Vladimir, Granatovy, Kurchansky, and Dmitri
Summary
The Russian winemaking industry undergoes the process of substantial changes related to the increased production volumes of Russian-made wines with protected geographical indication and protected appellation of origin; expansion of the assortment of premium varietal wines made from classical, autochthonal and domestically breeding grape varieties; development of high-quality and globally competitive winemaking [1-5]. Studies of qualitative characteristics of wines made from high-yielding grape varieties and identification of unique varietal peculiarities may become of great importance in the breeding process, and be of interest to study their DNA-profiles to choose the optimum marker system while identifying differences in different grape varieties. This is why the aim of the research was to study the ratios of main organic acids, mass concentration and alkalinity of ashes, the cationic contents of alkali and alkaline-earth metals and phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and trans-resveratrol of wines made from classical and promising grape varieties Institute’s breeding to ascertain the varietal particular qualities
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