Agrobiological features of technical grape varieties selected by FSBSI All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the climatic conditions of the South of Dagestan

Abstract

Relevance. The introduction of new genotypes and varieties with adaptive and valuable economic and technological characteristics remains one of the most effective ways to expand viticulture, form, improve and enrich the biodiversity of industrial assortment in the current climate change conditions. The introduction of new introduced grape varieties with group resistance makes it possible to eliminate numerous treatments of plantations with pesticides and to obtain environmentally friendly, competitive products. The purpose of the work is to determine the adaptive potential and evaluate the productivity of introduced grape varieties of the Magarach Institute selection in Dagestan to expand the assortment and improve the conveyor of technical grape varieties.Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the ampelographic collection of the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking». The objects of study were introduced technical grape varieties of All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» of the Russian Academy of Sciences selection Antey Magarachsky, Рodarok Magaracha, Рervenets Magarach, as well as Rkatsiteli (control) and Saperavi (control). Grape culture is indigenous, irrigated, planted in 2003. The shape of the bushes is high-stemmed, double-shouldered cordon of Cazenava. Planting scheme of grape varieties — 3.5 x 2.0 m.Results. In the course of our research, we found that in the conditions of southern Dagestan, in terms of the complex of agrobiological and economically valuable characteristics, the grape varieties of t he FSBSI AllRussian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking «Magarach» of the Russian Academy of Sciences selection, Antey Magarachsky, the Pervenets Magaracha, the Podarok Magaracha when cultivated in the root culture, are not inferior, and in a number of indicators significantly exceed the control varieties of Rkatsiteli and Saperavi. The studied varieties also have resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors and a complex of adaptively significant features necessary for the formation of ecological and biologized viticulture systems in various soil and climatic conditions (microzones) of the Republic of Dagestan, which indicates the possibility and expediency of their effective cultivation in industrial plantings of the Republic of Dagestan in the root culture and, especially, is relevant in the changing climate conditions of the south of Russia.