Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Relativistic Magnetron With Axial Symmetrical Split Output

Abstract

A relativistic magnetron (RM) with axial symmetrical split output was proposed, which was targeted at improving efficiency. This output structure was designed to reduce the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{e}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> value to enhance the energy coupling capability. Meanwhile, this output structure could affect the electric field distribution of the resonant cavity, which made intense radio frequency (RF) field electric strength smaller to be more beneficial for the interaction between electrons and high-frequency field. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results showed that the efficiency of RM could be significantly improved by adopting an axial symmetrical split output design. An <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math> </inline-formula> -band RM with split output was designed and the highest efficiency was 91.88% with a relatively low operating voltage of 230 kV and an external static magnetic field of 0.25 T.