Participation of morphofunctional zones in aging processes

Abstract

There are morphofunctional zones in organism tissues where proliferation and differentiation processes occur. Daughter cells are differentiated in the electric field excited by 12 mother and daughter cell pairs, produced during cambial cell division. With aging, the number of cambial cells is reduced to seven, which is close to threshold level (six cells) at which the differentiation of daughter cells is absent. The depression of number of cambial cells with aging is connected with the work of another morphofunctional zone, i.e., the hypothalamus, which is the major center of vegetative regulation and initially has very high RhoA activity, which is established during embryogenesis. Estrogens, which influence the hypothalamus and activate Src kinase in its nuclei and reduce the level of RhoA activity, including in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, are responsible for many of an organism’s biorhythms. As a result, hyperestrogenemia and, therefore, connective tissue develop first. Then, hypoestrogenemia takes place, which leads to a sharp drop in the proliferative activity of cells, causing a decrease in the number of cambial cells and the possibility of a malignant tumor development. Along with this, there are deep lesions of hormone regulation that lead to some lethal diseases. Thus, an increase in RhoA in the hypothalamus and especially in suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian rhythm can counteract the Src kinase intensifying and prevent the processes connected with this.