Abstract
Simple SummaryThe current developments in the aquaculture sector have highlighted the need to find sustainable ingredients to replace fishmeal as a protein source in fish feeds. The use of insect meals may be a valid option, due to their good nutritional values and low ecological footprint. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a progressive fishmeal substitution with increasing concentrations of a partially defatted yellow mealworm meal in rainbow trout diets. We observed that the total substitution of fishmeal with insect meal is feasible and that there are no negative effects on fish growth or on the digestibility of most nutrients. The activities of hepatic enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism and lipid synthesis were also evaluated. The enzymatic activities were not negatively influenced by insect meal inclusion in the diets. These results are of practical application for feed manufacturers and farmers, as they support the inclusion of insect meals in fish diets to obtain sustainable feeds that able to support an increase in aquaculture production.Insect meals are good candidates to replace fishmeal as new protein sources in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the effects of fishmeal replacement with different dietary inclusion levels of a partially defatted Tenebrio molitor (L.) larva meal (TM) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) growth, diet digestibility, and hepatic intermediary metabolism. A 154-day growth trial was performed with 252 rainbow trout (78.3 ± 6.24 g) randomly divided into twelve tanks and fed four experimental diets containing increasing levels of TM: 0% (TM0), 25% (TM25), 50% (TM50), and 100% (TM100) of fishmeal substitution, corresponding to TM dietary inclusion levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. A digestibility trial was performed feeding 180 rainbow trout (94.6 ± 7.31 g) with the experimental diets used in the growth trial. The growth parameters were not affected by TM dietary inclusion. Regarding the evaluated apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), only the ADC of crude protein was affected, showing the following trend: TM0 = TM25 > TM50 > TM100. The activities of key hepatic amino acid catabolic and lipogenic enzymes were not affected by the dietary composition. The results suggest that a partially defatted TM could totally replace fishmeal in commercial rainbow trout diets without negative effects on fish performance.
Highlights
IntroductionWith 110.2 million tons harvested in 2016, it will provide the most reliable supply of seafood in the upcoming years [1]
Aquaculture production is growing faster than any other major food sector
The proximate composition analyses conducted at the DISAFA laboratories revealed that all the analyzed parameters (DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and ash) were comparable among the experimental diets (Table 2), according to the formulation provided by the producer
Summary
With 110.2 million tons harvested in 2016, it will provide the most reliable supply of seafood in the upcoming years [1]. Fish diets, and those for carnivorous species in particular, have traditionally incorporated a large amount of fishmeal (FM), which represents a high-quality source of protein with a well-balanced essential amino acids (EAA) and fatty acid (FA) profile, high digestibility, and good palatability [2]. FM production depends on the catches of small pelagic wild stocks such as menhaden, herring, anchovies and sardines, which are processed to obtain different products [3]. Over the last few years, researchers and feed manufacturers have focused their efforts on reducing FM inclusion levels in commercial fish diets while, at the same time, maintaining fish health and the nutritional quality of the final products
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