Abstract
Partial synchronization emerges in an oscillator network when the network splits into clusters of coherent and incoherent oscillators. Here, we analyze the stability of partial synchronization in the second-order finite-dimensional Kuramoto model of heterogeneous oscillators with inertia. Toward this goal, we develop an auxiliary system method that is based on the analysis of a two-dimensional piecewise-smooth system whose trajectories govern oscillating dynamics of phase differences between oscillators in the coherent cluster. Through a qualitative bifurcation analysis of the auxiliary system, we derive explicit bounds that relate the maximum natural frequency mismatch, inertia, and the network size that can support stable partial synchronization. In particular, we predict threshold-like stability loss of partial synchronization caused by increasing inertia. Our auxiliary system method is potentially applicable to cluster synchronization with multiple coherent clusters and more complex network topology.
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