Abstract
This chapter discusses the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and renewable energy disputes in more detail. It begins with an overview of the framework of national and international regulations in the renewable energy sector. Next, the chapter looks at a recent series of ECT cases filed by investors in the renewable (predominantly solar) energy sector against Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Italy, and Spain. The chapter compares this recent wave of arbitrations in the renewables sector with the first arbitration award rendered under the ECT, which also concerned incentives to encourage investments for cleaner energy. It concludes with reflections on whether Italy's decision to withdraw from the ECT was influenced by these most recent cases filed against it.
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