Community participation in the renewable energy sector in Tanzania: Community participation in the renewable energy sector

Myanmar's Attractiveness for Investment in the Energy Sector: A Comparative International Perspective

This chapter discusses the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and renewable energy disputes in more detail. It begins with an overview of the framework of national and international regulations in the renewable energy sector. Next, the chapter looks at a recent series of ECT cases filed by investors in the renewable (predominantly solar) energy sector against Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Italy, and Spain. The chapter compares this recent wave of arbitrations in the renewables sector with the first arbitration award rendered under the ECT, which also concerned incentives to encourage investments for cleaner energy. It concludes with reflections on whether Italy's decision to withdraw from the ECT was influenced by these most recent cases filed against it.

For a developing country such as Bangladesh, renewable energy is immensely important for its entire development and advancement. Bangladesh has taken steps to increase the development capacity in the renewable energy sector and to fulfill the target of achieving one hundred percent electrification. The goal of this study is to determine the present scenario of the capability of the sustainable energy sector, the advancement as well as achievement of adopted plans, obstacles to achieving goals, and to discuss overall issues with necessary suggestions. In this article, according to qualitative research, data have been collected about the steps taken by Bangladesh in the renewable sector, potential achievements, and various progress to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in the renewable energy sector. The most important things that have been discussed in this article are what obstacles Bangladesh faces in increasing the capacity of renewable energy and what steps should be taken to overcome those obstacles. To present the obstacles in this article, some important points are discussed including the lack of coordination among the institutions that are responsible for implementing ongoing projects and the lack of adequate maintenance. In addition to increasing public awareness of the mentioned obstacles, valuable advice has also been given in making the loan system accessible to entrepreneurs and customers, increasing the capability of renewable energy, and encouraging conducting research on the overall subject. Nevertheless, for technological advancement in the sustainable energy sector, it has been suggested to reduce imports and to make renewable energy equipment available by increasing the production of the equipment that is necessary. To enrich this renewable energy sector in a sustainable manner, the analysis of the current state of the energy division of Bangladesh, taken steps, obstacles, and given proposals presented in this article will play an important role in the future.

The demand for power in Kenya is on the increase with the ongoing growth of the country’s economy. There is a need for the country to balance energy efficiency, sustainability and low-carbon technologies. This entails drafting and implementing policies and strategies towards a low-carbon development path, ranging from fuels, technologies and infrastructure. This work examines the drivers of renewable energy resources in Kenya, focusing on Ngong Wind Farm. Results show that most low-carbon innovations in Kenya are driven by government tariffs and policies. Funding, and political and community goodwill remarkably influence the success of wind power projects in Kenya. The case study is a novel experiment that offers sustainable alternatives in the energy sector. There is need for more investment in the renewable sector, especially in the set up of power plants and power storage. To address the shortcomings in the renewable energy sector, there is a need for further research and development, and collaborations to foster innovations in the wind power sector in country. A combination of knowledge and resources, and leveraging local and national policies are potential ways in which institutional platforms can foster wind technology advancement and dissemination.

The share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the global energy system is systematically increasing, making them the most important element of the energy transformation. Their use enables rational management of limited resources, reduction of environmental pollution, and has a significant inhibitory effect on energy poverty by improving energy efficiency. The aim of this article is to assess the impact of the use of renewable energy on the level of energy poverty in the European Union countries in 2010, 2015, and 2022. A taxonomic measure of development based on the Weber median was used to examine the relationship between the results achieved by individual EU member states in terms of the impact of the use of renewable energy on the level of energy poverty. The research results clearly indicate the existence of disproportions between the countries of the “old” EU and the countries that joined it in 2004 and later. These disproportions concern both the use of energy obtained from renewable sources and energy poverty. In the countries of the “old” Union, a positive moderate relationship was identified between the use of renewable energy and energy poverty, which means that a higher share of the use of energy from renewable sources in these countries reduces energy poverty. In the countries of the “new” Union, however, this relationship was very weak (2010) or non-existent. Since the renewable energy sector is subject to government policy and regulations, the results presented in this paper should be of interest to decision-makers. A stable, long-term policy should provide an appropriate investment climate that provides support for renewable energy projects and reduces the level of energy poverty.

As technology and industry moves on, the human being changes life style. Global warming causes by massive using of high carbon dioxide products and transportation. Climate change also affect the life of human being, it brings natural calamities such as flood, powerful typhoon, drought etc.. In recent years, eco-conscious growing makes the governments concern about environmental protection issue. On 11 December 1997, an important international agreement- “The Kyoto Protocol” was adopted, 37 countries (Annex I countries) commit themselves to a reduction of greenhouse gases under the protocol. After signing the Kyoto Protocol, the EU actively legislate a series of policies about environmental protection and climate change to reach the protocol commitment of 8% greenhouse gases reduction. In the meanwhile, the EU strengthens environmental protection conscious of its citizens. Besides, for energy security, the EU also actively researchs in the sector of renewable energies. Nowadays, the EU has become the leader in sector of low-carbon technologies and renewable energies. Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural and renewable resources such as wind, sun light, biomass geothermal energy etc. As with any other renewable energy source solar energy also means less CO2 emissions, and less emphasis on fossil fuels. Many years ago the EU started to research solar energy, today the EU already get enormous success in the solar sector. Germany and Spain are the biggest two photovoltaic installation member states in the EU. Germany is the largest photovoltaic market of the world. The greatest success should be referred to German “Renewable Energy Act (EEG)” which provided remuneration for electricity feed-in. This measure was imitated by other countries. On the other side, because of a series of solar policies and superior geographic location, Spain excellently developed the solar energy in the last decade, and has become the second largest European photovoltaic market in 2008. Although Taiwan has substantial base of semiconductor industry to develop solar technologies, but our government has negative attitude toward renewable policies, it will block the development of the solar industry in the future. In the 1970s, the region of Baden-Wurttemberg planned to build a nuclear power plant at Wyhl, just 30 km from Freiburg. There was a major protest, with widespread civil disobedience, and in 1975 the plans were defeated. During this time, the German federal government decided to gradually suspend using nuclear energy. The successful experiences of Germany and Spain can prove that solar industry was largely depended on the support of government.

The main objective of this review is to develop renewable energy (RE) sectors and overcome any obstacles regarding this in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has been facing energy crisis in all sectors in need of electricity. The techno-economical and policy making challenges are the main barrier of renewable energy sources installment in Bangladesh. But in recent years, Bangladesh has achieved notable progress in the development of its renewable energy industry. Bangladesh produces 723.26 MW of electricity from renewable sources, which include 67.61% solar, 31.80% hydro, and 0.58% wind, biogas, and biomass. Of these, 489 MW are produced by more than 6 million (63, 25, 278) installed solar cells. This assessment offers a thorough examination of the nation's present renewable energy situation, stressing both the fundamental difficulties and noteworthy successes. The research reviews the many renewable energy sources, such as hydropower, biomass, mechanical vibration, wind, and solar electricity, and assesses how much of each the country needs to use. Analyzing the legal and policy environment that governs renewable energy in Bangladesh, the research highlights the necessity of focused measures to remove current obstacles. It talks about how overcoming obstacles and promoting sustainable growth can be accomplished through international cooperation and financial assistance. The research also looks at the socioeconomic effects of renewable energy programs, considering how they may affect employment and electrification in rural areas. The analysis provides an outlook on the prospects of the renewable energy sector in Bangladesh. Emerging technologies, possible market trends, and innovative prospects are covered. To assist stakeholders, investors, and legislators in navigating the shift to a more resilient and sustainable energy future, recommendations are offered. With an emphasis on highlighting successes and outlining challenges, this research provides a thorough analysis of Bangladesh's renewable energy industry. Bangladesh may establish itself as a regional leader in the adoption of renewable energy sources and support international efforts to mitigate climate change by recognizing the obstacles of the present and laying out a plan for future development. This research will help to the researchers and policymakers for making more renewable energy in Bangladesh without facing any difficulties.

Problem setting. The depletion of natural resources and global climate change have stimulated countries around the world to seek new energy sources. The timeliness of development and use of energy from renewable sources is an urgent task, regardless of the state of industrial development of the country. An urgent issue in the context of state regulation, in the formation and development of a new system of energy resources, is the timely identification of objects to which the regulatory influence of the state and determine their place in the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine, to ensure energy balance and security.Recent research and publications analysis. Economic and organizational issues of development of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine, optimization of energy saving policy, formation of fuel and energy balances at the state and individual regions, industries were considered in studies of domestic and foreign scientists: V. Geyts, J. Zhalil, A. Shidlovsky, V. Shlemko, B. Piriashvili, B. Chirkiv, I. Chukaeva, L. Melentyeva, A. Yufa.The direct impact of renewable energy sources on the economic, social, educational spheres was studied by such scientists as: O. Yeliseyeva, N. Ryazanova, D. Busarev, A. Kumachova, S. Kudrya, E. Rybnikova, O. Stoyan and others. We fully agree with the scientists of the Institute of Renewable Energy (Kudrya 2011, p.15) that: "the development of a new energy sector based on renewable sources requires a training base for training."However, the vast majority of scientists consider renewable energy, either as part of alternative energy, or as a specific field of energy without distinguishing it as an industry that is formed, developed and affects the lives of everyone.The paper objective - to scientifically substantiate perspective directions of development of renewable energy and to define basic signs of formation of branch of renewable energy.The paper main body. The main task of state regulation in the energy sector is to ensure the energy balance of the country, which is possible under the conditions of recognition and consideration of the capacity of each industry.Thorough research has shown that the renewable energy sector is being formed in Ukraine, which is an integral part of the energy sector. Back in 2012, in his works (Kudrya, 2012, p.38; Kudrya, 2011, p.9.), The scientist, member of the presidium of the Academy of Sciences and director of the Institute of Renewable Energy S. Kudrya emphasized that: “large-scale development of energy from renewable sources will create a new environmentally safe energy sector, which will increase the level of diversification of energy resources and strengthen the energy and environmental security of the state. "The rapid growth of RES generation and the unguaranteed schedule of renewable electricity production have created risks to the operation of the energy system, which has stimulated the search for new solutions at the legislative level. Legislative initiatives have made it possible to identify changes that affect the further development of the infrastructure sector of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine and identify three components: energy efficiency, balancing, transmission - distribution.Conclusions of the research. The basic features of the renewable energy industry have been identified, namely: the absence of traditional primary fossil raw materials; conversion of renewable natural resources into electricity and heat; environmental friendliness of the energy conversion process. It is proposed to define the renewable energy sector as an energy sector engaged in the production and use of renewable energy. It is characterized by a set of generating power and heat stations (enterprises) of ecological conversion of renewable energy sources into electricity and heat.

This research is motivated by the role of the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), a think tank in the energy and environmental sectors. IESR has a significant role in encouraging Indonesia-Australia renewable energy cooperation between the period 2018 to 2023, IESR has participated to support an increase in the application of renewable energy in Indonesia. The benefits of this research as a simple form of formulating how cooperation between Indonesia and Australia through the role of IESR to strengthen bilateral relations in the renewable energy sector. Meanwhile, this research also shares information related to several cooperation programs applied by IESR in cooperation between Indonesia and Australia through the renewable energy sector. The author uses journal search websites such as Google Scholar to search for literature related to IESR's role in renewable energy cooperation. The author also uses the Harzing; Published or Published application to detect the findings of relevant scientific publications and can measure related impacts through this understanding, this research can contribute to the development of an effective IESR role in the future. The author identifies several aspects related to IESR's role in renewable energy cooperation. First, IESR's role in facilitating the implementation of cooperation programs and information exchange in the renewable energy sector between Indonesia and Australia. And secondly, the role of IESR's cooperation evaluation is to encourage urgency in the renewable and sustainable energy sector..

The topic of the article considers the functioning of the renewable energy (RE) sector in Poland. This is really important in the context of the energy transition of the national economy because it influences the creation of modern technologies and increases the competitiveness and innovation of the country. Poland is in a process of energy transition where the RE sector has been developing for two decades. The authors aimed to research the RE sector improvement possibilities in Poland, including the influence of this sector on chosen social and economic aspects. Because of this research’s aim a critical situation assessment of RE in Poland was conducted and a survey of a group of experts in this field was also involved. Legal, physical and mental determinants and their influence on RE sector were looked into. In the legal determinant context a necessity to simplify relevant legislation acts in Poland was found. Undoubtedly there is a need to improve several legal acts, including the Distance Act. In physical determinants it was found that solar, wind and biomass energy have the biggest chances for development. In the case of mental determinants the authors paid attention to the need of educating the public about using and obtaining energy. It is also important to make people aware how the RE sector influences the low emission economy positively. This will improve the creation of new jobs and reduce the emissions of harmful substances to the environment.

This study examines the impact of public R&D expenditures in the fossil fuel and renewable energy sectors on energy transition through the carbon intensity variable. The analysis uses Pedroni's Panel Cointegration Test and the Group Mean Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares, utilizing data from 16 IEA countries between 1993 and 2022. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on either general R&D expenditures or aggregate energy sector R&D, this study provides a comparative analysis of fossil and renewable sectors, addressing a significant gap in the literature. The findings reveal that public R&D expenditures in the renewable energy sector may significantly reduce carbon intensity, whereas public R&D expenditures in the fossil fuel sector increase carbon intensity. These results suggest that, contrary to the common assumption in the literature, the heterogeneous effects of R&D spending across subsectors of energy industry should be taken into account. Therefore, Redirecting R&D expenditures toward renewable energy technologies, rather than fossil energy sector, may accelerate the energy transition process.

The Paper highlights the rapid evolution of Renewable Energy Technologies – particularly Solar Energy – simultaneously underscoring the obsolescence of carbon-dependent energy generation and the need for sustainable alternatives. Worldwide for the last decade plus, Solar Energy has emerged as the leading alternative to Fossil Fuels, contributing significantly towards reducing the Greenhouse Gas emissions; thus, addressing the ever-increasing global energy demands, as also the climate change concerns. Use of Renewable Energy (RE) is critical in achieving overall economic and human development goals. The UN’s SDG 7 assures worldwide access to clean and affordable energy by 2030. World Economic Forum projects 20% annual growth for Solar Energy and replacing fossil fuels by 2050. Since 2009 cost of Solar and Wind Energy has drastically reduced by 78% and 58% respectively, driving further growth and fuelling ever increasing levels of investments and expansions in the RE Sector. Current geopolitical landscape, especially influenced by Ukraine-Russia Conflict, the consequent uncertainty of non-RE Supply Chains in Europe, and further complications due to President Trump Administration led Tariff Regimes, presents greater challenges and corresponding opportunities for RE growth. In developing countries like India, continued Policy Support and Financial Mobilization are essential. Despite significant advancements, global progress in sustainable energy sector is insufficient, with significant disparities in access persisting. To position India as a Global Leader in Solar Energy within five years, the paper calls for leveraging available technology and raw materials. By addressing funding gaps and focusing on policy support, India can enhance its RE capacity, contributing significantly to global climate action efforts and energy security. The paper underscores the potential for substantial growth in the RE Sector, as globally the nations’ race to meet SDG targets, thus highlighting the critical role of Solar Energy in this transition. The paper also discusses the role of Carbon Trading in promoting RE investments and how Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) serve as market-based instruments certifying clean energy production.

Closing the renewable energy gender gap in the United States and Canada: The role of women’s professional networking

A bird's eye view of Ghana's renewable energy sector environment: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach

The development of renewable energy in Indonesia is still in a relatively fledgling state, yet it is forecast to increase. The Government of Indonesia has formulated and implemented several strategic programs, compiled under several binding frameworks, namely the National Energy Policy and the General Plan for National Energy. The government is committed internationally to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions. However, unearthing the dynamics of renewable and sustainable energy in Indonesia requires a detailed stakeholder analysis of all relevant and major actors. This paper aims to provide a stakeholder analysis of actors in the renewable and sustainable energy sector in Indonesia as a whole, using a Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (PESTLE) analysis methodology. The results have indicated that existing policies are not yet perfect, given that the renewable energy industry is still quite minimal, especially in the current conditions of falling oil prices. In the future, it is hoped that the government can formulate a breakthrough policy to improve existing policies in the renewable energy sector, such as by giving ease to investors in the renewable energy sector, including the effective and efficient supply chain management of renewable energy.